<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ДОПУСКУ СПОРТСМЕНОВ С ОТКЛОНЕНИЯМИ СО СТОРОНЫ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ   К ТРЕНИРОВОЧНО-СОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕССУ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колос</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лидов</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоленский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойцов С.А., Колос И.П., Лидов П.И., Смоленский А.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А., Колос И.П., Лидов П.И., Смоленский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Бойцов С.А., Колос И.П., Лидов П.И., Смоленский А.В.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1090">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1090</self-uri><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjornstad HH, et al. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005;26:516–524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjornstad HH, et al. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005;26:516–524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med 2003;349: 1064 –75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med 2003;349: 1064 –75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, et al. Sudden death in young competitive athletes: clinical, demo-graphic, and pathological proﬁles. JAMA 1996;276:199 –204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, et al. Sudden death in young competitive athletes: clinical, demo-graphic, and pathological proﬁles. JAMA 1996;276:199 –204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Carney KP, Lever HM, et al. Relationship of race to sudden cardiac death in competitive athletes with hypertrophic car-diomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:974 – 80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Carney KP, Lever HM, et al. Relationship of race to sudden cardiac death in competitive athletes with hypertrophic car-diomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:974 – 80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an important global disease. Am J Med 2004;116:63–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an important global disease. Am J Med 2004;116:63–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М., Солохин Ю.А. Внезапная внебольничная сердечная смерть у детей, подростков и лиц до 45 лет. Кардиология 2009;11:33-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров Л.М., Солохин Ю.А. Внезапная внебольничная сердечная смерть у детей, подростков и лиц до 45 лет. Кардиология 2009;11:33-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Gohman TE, Aeppli D. Prevalence of sudden cardiac death during competitive sports activities in Minnesota high school athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1881- 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Gohman TE, Aeppli D. Prevalence of sudden cardiac death during competitive sports activities in Minnesota high school athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1881- 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, et al.; Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2007;115(12):1643-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, et al.; Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2007;115(12):1643-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobb LA, Fahrenbruch CE, Olsufka M, Copass MK. Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980-2000. JAMA 2002;288(23):3008-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cobb LA, Fahrenbruch CE, Olsufka M, Copass MK. Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980-2000. JAMA 2002;288(23):3008-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А., Никулина Н.Н., Якушин С.С. и др. Внезапная сердечная смерть у больных ИБС: распространенность, выявляемость и проблемы статистического учета. Российский кардиологический журнал 2011; 2: 59-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бойцов С.А., Никулина Н.Н., Якушин С.С. и др. Внезапная сердечная смерть у больных ИБС: распространенность, выявляемость и проблемы статистического учета. Российский кардиологический журнал 2011; 2: 59-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Mitten MJ, Quandt EF, Zipes DP. Competitive athletes with cardiovascular disease - the case of Nicholas Knapp. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1632–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Mitten MJ, Quandt EF, Zipes DP. Competitive athletes with cardiovascular disease - the case of Nicholas Knapp. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1632–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes: lessons from the Hank Gathers affair. N Engl J Med 1993;329:55–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes: lessons from the Hank Gathers affair. N Engl J Med 1993;329:55–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, et al. Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1959–1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, et al. Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1959–1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation 2009;119(8):1085-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation 2009;119(8):1085-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Fagard R, Bjørnstad HH, et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1422– 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Fagard R, Bjørnstad HH, et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1422– 45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Zipes DP. 36th Bethesda Conference: eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:2– 64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Zipes DP. 36th Bethesda Conference: eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:2– 64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asmussen E. Similarities and dissimilarities between static and dynamic exercise. Circ Res 1981;48 Suppl 1:I3–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asmussen E. Similarities and dissimilarities between static and dynamic exercise. Circ Res 1981;48 Suppl 1:I3–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Wildenthal K. Static (isometric) exercise and the heart: physiological and clinical considerations. Annu Rev Med 1974;25: 369 – 81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Wildenthal K. Static (isometric) exercise and the heart: physiological and clinical considerations. Annu Rev Med 1974;25: 369 – 81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Raven PB. Cardiovascular adaptation to physical activity. In: Bouchard C, Shephard R, Stephen T, editors. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health: International Proceedings and Consensus State-ment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1994:286 –98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Raven PB. Cardiovascular adaptation to physical activity. In: Bouchard C, Shephard R, Stephen T, editors. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health: International Proceedings and Consensus State-ment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1994:286 –98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallagher KM, Raven PB, Mitchell JH. Classiﬁcation of sports and the athlete’s heart. In: Williams RA, editor. The Athlete and Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1999:9 –21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallagher KM, Raven PB, Mitchell JH. Classiﬁcation of sports and the athlete’s heart. In: Williams RA, editor. The Athlete and Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1999:9 –21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonnenblick EH, Ross JJ, Braunwald E. Oxygen consumption of the heart: newer concepts of its multifactorial determination. Am J Cardiol 1968;22:328 –36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonnenblick EH, Ross JJ, Braunwald E. Oxygen consumption of the heart: newer concepts of its multifactorial determination. Am J Cardiol 1968;22:328 –36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Hefner LL, Monroe RG. Performance of the left ventricle. Am J Med 1972;53:481–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Hefner LL, Monroe RG. Performance of the left ventricle. Am J Med 1972;53:481–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Spataro A, et al. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med 1991;324:295–301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Spataro A, et al. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med 1991;324:295–301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pluim BM, Zwinderman AH, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. The athlete’s heart: a meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation 2000;101:336 – 44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pluim BM, Zwinderman AH, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. The athlete’s heart: a meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation 2000;101:336 – 44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, et al. Clinical signiﬁcance of abnormal electrocardio-graphic patterns in trained athletes. Circulation 2000;102:278 – 84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, et al. Clinical signiﬁcance of abnormal electrocardio-graphic patterns in trained athletes. Circulation 2000;102:278 – 84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bifﬁ A, Pelliccia A, Verdile L, et al. Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:446 –52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bifﬁ A, Pelliccia A, Verdile L, et al. Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:446 –52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Pelliccia A, Spirito P. Cardiac disease in young trained athletes: insights into methods for distinguishing athlete’s heart from structural heart disease, with particular emphasis on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1995;91:1596 – 601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Pelliccia A, Spirito P. Cardiac disease in young trained athletes: insights into methods for distinguishing athlete’s heart from structural heart disease, with particular emphasis on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1995;91:1596 – 601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Culasso F, Di Paolo FM, Maron BJ. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:23–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Culasso F, Di Paolo FM, Maron BJ. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:23–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma S, Whyte G, Elliott P, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in 1000 highly trained junior elite athletes. Br J Sports Med 1999;33:319–324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma S, Whyte G, Elliott P, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in 1000 highly trained junior elite athletes. Br J Sports Med 1999;33:319–324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М., Киселева И.И., Долгих В.В. и соавт. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей. Педиатрия 2006;2:71-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров Л.М., Киселева И.И., Долгих В.В. и соавт. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей. Педиатрия 2006;2:71-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davignon A., Rautaharyu P., Boisselle E. Normal ECG standards for unfant and children. Ped Cardiology 1980;1:123-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davignon A., Rautaharyu P., Boisselle E. Normal ECG standards for unfant and children. Ped Cardiology 1980;1:123-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rijnbeek PR, Witsenburg M, Schrama E, et al. New normal limits for the paediatric electrocardiogram. Eur Heart J 2001;22(8):702-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rijnbeek PR, Witsenburg M, Schrama E, et al. New normal limits for the paediatric electrocardiogram. Eur Heart J 2001;22(8):702-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lue H. ECG in the child and adolescents: normal standards and percentile charts. Black-well Publishing; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lue H. ECG in the child and adolescents: normal standards and percentile charts. Black-well Publishing; 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миклашевич И.М., Школьникова М.А., Калинин Л.А. и соавт. Нормальные значения временных параметров ЭКГ у детей по результатам клинико-эпидемиологического исследования «ЭКГ скрининг детей и подростков Российской Федерации». Кардиология 2009;10:47-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Миклашевич И.М., Школьникова М.А., Калинин Л.А. и соавт. Нормальные значения временных параметров ЭКГ у детей по результатам клинико-эпидемиологического исследования «ЭКГ скрининг детей и подростков Российской Федерации». Кардиология 2009;10:47-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М., Комолятова В.Н. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей. Функциональная диагностика 2010;3:92-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров Л.М., Комолятова В.Н. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей. Функциональная диагностика 2010;3:92-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitasalo M., Kala R., Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes. Brit Heart J 1982;47:213-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitasalo M., Kala R., Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes. Brit Heart J 1982;47:213-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitasalo M., Kala R., Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in young athletes between 14 and 16 years of age. Eur Heart J 1984;5:2-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitasalo M., Kala R., Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in young athletes between 14 and 16 years of age. Eur Heart J 1984;5:2-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дегтярева Е.А. и соавт. Сердце и спорт у детей и подростков: проблемы «взаимодействия». Москва, 2011, стр. 228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дегтярева Е.А. и соавт. Сердце и спорт у детей и подростков: проблемы «взаимодействия». Москва, 2011, стр. 228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Blomqvist CG, Haskell WL, et al. Classiﬁcation of sports. 16th Bethesda Conference: cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding eligibility for competition. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:1198 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Blomqvist CG, Haskell WL, et al. Classiﬁcation of sports. 16th Bethesda Conference: cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding eligibility for competition. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:1198 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Haskell WL, Raven PB. Classiﬁcation of sports. 26th Bethesda Conference: cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in ath-letes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24:864–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Haskell WL, Raven PB. Classiﬁcation of sports. 26th Bethesda Conference: cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in ath-letes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24:864–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell JH, Haskell W, Snell P, Van Camp SP. Task Force 8: classification of sports. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45(8): 1364-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell JH, Haskell W, Snell P, Van Camp SP. Task Force 8: classification of sports. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45(8): 1364-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, et al. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes: a statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. Circulation 1996;94: 850 – 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, et al. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes: a statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. Circulation 1996;94: 850 – 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basso C, Maron BJ, Corrado D, Thiene G. Clinical proﬁle of congenital coronary artery anomalies with origin from the wrong aortic sinus leading to sudden death in young competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1493–501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basso C, Maron BJ, Corrado D, Thiene G. Clinical proﬁle of congenital coronary artery anomalies with origin from the wrong aortic sinus leading to sudden death in young competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1493–501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. JAMA 2002;287: 1308–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. JAMA 2002;287: 1308–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Gardin JM, Flack JM, et al. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a general population of young adults: echocardiographic analysis of 4111 subjects in the CARDIA Study: Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults. Circulation 1995;92:785–789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Gardin JM, Flack JM, et al. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a general population of young adults: echocardiographic analysis of 4111 subjects in the CARDIA Study: Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults. Circulation 1995;92:785–789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ. Preparticipation cardiovascular evaluation of the competitive athlete: perspectives from the 30-year Italian experience. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:827–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Maron BJ. Preparticipation cardiovascular evaluation of the competitive athlete: perspectives from the 30-year Italian experience. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:827–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopa-thy in young athletes. N Engl J Med 1998;339: 364 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopa-thy in young athletes. N Engl J Med 1998;339: 364 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, et al. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparti-cipation screening program. JAMA 2006;296:1593–1601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, et al. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparti-cipation screening program. JAMA 2006;296:1593–1601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, McKenna WJ. Appropriate interpretation of the athlete’s electrocardiogram saves lives as well as money. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1920–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, McKenna WJ. Appropriate interpretation of the athlete’s electrocardiogram saves lives as well as money. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1920–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawless C, Best TM. Electrocardiograms in athletes: interpretation and diagnostic accuracy. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2008;40:787–798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawless C, Best TM. Electrocardiograms in athletes: interpretation and diagnostic accuracy. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2008;40:787–798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bille K, Figueras D, Schamasch P, et al. Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne recommendations. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:859–875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bille K, Figueras D, Schamasch P, et al. Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne recommendations. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:859–875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ljungqvist А, Jenoure PJ, Engebretsen L. et al. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement on Periodic Health Evaluation of Elite Athletes, March 2009. Clin J Sport Med 2009;19:347–365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ljungqvist А, Jenoure PJ, Engebretsen L. et al. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement on Periodic Health Evaluation of Elite Athletes, March 2009. Clin J Sport Med 2009;19:347–365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, et al. American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1687–713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, et al. American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1687–713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Pelliccia A., Heidbuchel H. et al. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J 2010; 31(2):243-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Pelliccia A., Heidbuchel H. et al. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J 2010; 31(2):243-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klues HG, Schiffers A, Maron BJ. Phenotypic spectrum and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: mor-phologic observations and signiﬁcance as assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography in 600 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1699 –708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klues HG, Schiffers A, Maron BJ. Phenotypic spectrum and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: mor-phologic observations and signiﬁcance as assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography in 600 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1699 –708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rickers C, Wilke NM, Jerosch-Herold M, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112(6):855-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rickers C, Wilke NM, Jerosch-Herold M, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112(6):855-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon JCC, Fisher NG, McKenna WJ, Pennell DJ. Detection of apical hypertrophic car-diomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with non-diagnostic echocardiography. Heart 2004; 90:645– 49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon JCC, Fisher NG, McKenna WJ, Pennell DJ. Detection of apical hypertrophic car-diomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with non-diagnostic echocardiography. Heart 2004; 90:645– 49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandri H, Calkins H, Nasir K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging ﬁndings in patients meeting task force criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14:476 –82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandri H, Calkins H, Nasir K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging ﬁndings in patients meeting task force criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14:476 –82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Driscoll DJ, Edwards WD. Sudden unexpected death in children and adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:118B–21B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Driscoll DJ, Edwards WD. Sudden unexpected death in children and adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:118B–21B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garson AJ, McNamara DG. Sudden death in a pediatric cardiology population, 1958 to 1983: relation to prior arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:134B–7B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garson AJ, McNamara DG. Sudden death in a pediatric cardiology population, 1958 to 1983: relation to prior arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:134B–7B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sealy WC, Fanner JC, Young WG J, Brown IW J. Atrial dysrhythmia and atrial secundum defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1969;57:245–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sealy WC, Fanner JC, Young WG J, Brown IW J. Atrial dysrhythmia and atrial secundum defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1969;57:245–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vetter VL, Horowitz LN. Electrophysiologic residua and sequelae of surgery for congenital heart defects. Am J Cardiol 1982;50:588 – 604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vetter VL, Horowitz LN. Electrophysiologic residua and sequelae of surgery for congenital heart defects. Am J Cardiol 1982;50:588 – 604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bink-Boelkens MT, Velvis H, van der Heide JJ, Eygelaar A, Hard-jowijono RA. Dysrhythmias after atrial surgery in children. Am Heart J 1983;106:125–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bink-Boelkens MT, Velvis H, van der Heide JJ, Eygelaar A, Hard-jowijono RA. Dysrhythmias after atrial surgery in children. Am Heart J 1983;106:125–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doyle EF, Arumugham P, Lara E, et al. Sudden death in young patients with congenital aortic stenosis. Pediatrics 1974;53:481–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doyle EF, Arumugham P, Lara E, et al. Sudden death in young patients with congenital aortic stenosis. Pediatrics 1974;53:481–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelech AN, Kartodihardjo W, Balfe JA, et al. Exercise in children before and after coarctectomy: hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical assessment. Am Heart J 1986; 112:1263–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelech AN, Kartodihardjo W, Balfe JA, et al. Exercise in children before and after coarctectomy: hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical assessment. Am Heart J 1986; 112:1263–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freed MD, Rocchini A, Rosenthal A, et al. Exercise-induced hypertension after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 1979;43:253– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freed MD, Rocchini A, Rosenthal A, et al. Exercise-induced hypertension after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 1979;43:253– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garson AJ, Gillette PC, Gutgesell HP, McNamara DG. Stress-induced ventricular arrhythmia after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol 1980;46:1006 –12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garson AJ, Gillette PC, Gutgesell HP, McNamara DG. Stress-induced ventricular arrhythmia after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol 1980;46:1006 –12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham TP Jr. Hemodynamic residua and sequelae following intra-atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries: a review. Pediatr Cardiol 1982;2:203–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham TP Jr. Hemodynamic residua and sequelae following intra-atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries: a review. Pediatr Cardiol 1982;2:203–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Driscoll DJ. Exercise responses in functional single ventricle before and after Fontan operation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 1993;2:44 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Driscoll DJ. Exercise responses in functional single ventricle before and after Fontan operation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 1993;2:44 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis JA, Cecchin F, Jones TK, Portman MA. Major coronary artery anomalies in a pediatric population: incidence and clinical importance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:593–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis JA, Cecchin F, Jones TK, Portman MA. Major coronary artery anomalies in a pediatric population: incidence and clinical importance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:593–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romp RL, Herlong JR, Landolfo CK, et al. Outcome of unrooﬁng procedure for repair of anomalous aortic origin of left or right coronary artery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:589 –95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romp RL, Herlong JR, Landolfo CK, et al. Outcome of unrooﬁng procedure for repair of anomalous aortic origin of left or right coronary artery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:589 –95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treat-ment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endo-carditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Circulation 2004;110:2747–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treat-ment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endo-carditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Circulation 2004;110:2747–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terai M, Shulman ST. Prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease is highly dependent on gamma globulin dose but independent of salicylate dose. J Pediatr 1997;131:888 –93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terai M, Shulman ST. Prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease is highly dependent on gamma globulin dose but independent of salicylate dose. J Pediatr 1997;131:888 –93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kato H, Sugimura T, Akagi T, et al. Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease: a 10-to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation 1996;94:1379 – 85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kato H, Sugimura T, Akagi T, et al. Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease: a 10-to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation 1996;94:1379 – 85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsuda E, Kamiya T, Kimura K, et al. Coronary artery dilatation exceeding 4.0 mm during acute Kawasaki disease predicts a high probability of subsequent late intima-medial thickening. Pediatr Cardiol 2002;23:9 –14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsuda E, Kamiya T, Kimura K, et al. Coronary artery dilatation exceeding 4.0 mm during acute Kawasaki disease predicts a high probability of subsequent late intima-medial thickening. Pediatr Cardiol 2002;23:9 –14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocar-diogr 2003;16:777– 802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocar-diogr 2003;16:777– 802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostucki W, Vandenbossche JL, Friart A, Englert M. Pulsed Doppler regurgitant ﬂow patterns of normal valves. Am J Cardiol 1986;58:309 –13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostucki W, Vandenbossche JL, Friart A, Englert M. Pulsed Doppler regurgitant ﬂow patterns of normal valves. Am J Cardiol 1986;58:309 –13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards KL, Cannon SR, Crawford MH, Sorensen SG. Noninvasive diagnosis of aortic and mitral valve disease with pulsed-Doppler spectral analysis. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1122–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards KL, Cannon SR, Crawford MH, Sorensen SG. Noninvasive diagnosis of aortic and mitral valve disease with pulsed-Doppler spectral analysis. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1122–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Douglas PS, Berman GO, O’Toole ML, et al. Prevalence of multivalvular regurgitation in athletes. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:209 –12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Douglas PS, Berman GO, O’Toole ML, et al. Prevalence of multivalvular regurgitation in athletes. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:209 –12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1486 –582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1486 –582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otto CM, Burwash IG, Legget ME, et al. Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis: clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. Circulation 1997;95:2262–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otto CM, Burwash IG, Legget ME, et al. Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis: clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. Circulation 1997;95:2262–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Basmadjian AJ, Rossi A, et al. Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1137–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Basmadjian AJ, Rossi A, et al. Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1137–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I. Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 2002; 106:1183– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I. Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 2002; 106:1183– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faletra F, Pezzano A J, Fusco R, et al. Measurement of mitral valve area in mitral steno-sis: four echocardiographic methods compared with direct measurement of anatomic oriﬁces. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1190 –7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faletra F, Pezzano A J, Fusco R, et al. Measurement of mitral valve area in mitral steno-sis: four echocardiographic methods compared with direct measurement of anatomic oriﬁces. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1190 –7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carabello BA. Progress in mitral and aortic regurgitation. Curr Probl Cardiol 2003;28:549 – 84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carabello BA. Progress in mitral and aortic regurgitation. Curr Probl Cardiol 2003;28:549 – 84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bailey KR, et al. Grading of mitral regurgitation by quantitative Doppler echocardiography: calibration by left ventricular angiography in rou-tine clinical practice. Circulation 1997;96:3409 –15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bailey KR, et al. Grading of mitral regurgitation by quantitative Doppler echocardiography: calibration by left ventricular angiography in rou-tine clinical practice. Circulation 1997;96:3409 –15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galan A, Zoghbi WA, Quinones MA. Determination of severity of valvular aortic steno-sis by Doppler echocardiography and relation of ﬁndings to clinical outcome and agreement with hemodynamic measurements determined at cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol 1991;67:1007–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galan A, Zoghbi WA, Quinones MA. Determination of severity of valvular aortic steno-sis by Doppler echocardiography and relation of ﬁndings to clinical outcome and agreement with hemodynamic measurements determined at cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol 1991;67:1007–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenhek R, Binder T, Porenta G, et al. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 2000;343: 611–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenhek R, Binder T, Porenta G, et al. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 2000;343: 611–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dehmer GJ, Firth BG, Hillis LD, et al. Alterations in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise in patients with aortic regulation. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:17–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dehmer GJ, Firth BG, Hillis LD, et al. Alterations in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise in patients with aortic regulation. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:17–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nistri S, Sorbo MD, Marin M, et al. Aortic root dilatation in young men with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves. Heart 1999;82:19 –22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nistri S, Sorbo MD, Marin M, et al. Aortic root dilatation in young men with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves. Heart 1999;82:19 –22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svensson LG, Kim KH, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM. Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:892–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svensson LG, Kim KH, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM. Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:892–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahimtoola SH. Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:893–904.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahimtoola SH. Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:893–904.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borer JS, Herrold EM, Hochreiter C, et al. Natural history of left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1991;84:III133–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borer JS, Herrold EM, Hochreiter C, et al. Natural history of left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1991;84:III133–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woo A., Rakowski H., Liew J. C. et al. Mutations of the beta myosin heavy chain gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: critical functional sites determine prognosis. Heart 2003;89:1179-1185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woo A., Rakowski H., Liew J. C. et al. Mutations of the beta myosin heavy chain gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: critical functional sites determine prognosis. Heart 2003;89:1179-1185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fananapazir L. Advances in molecular genetics and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA 1999;281:1746-1752.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fananapazir L. Advances in molecular genetics and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA 1999;281:1746-1752.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marian A. J. Sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from bench to bedside with an emphasis on genetic markers. Clin Cardiol 1995;18:189-198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marian A. J. Sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from bench to bedside with an emphasis on genetic markers. Clin Cardiol 1995;18:189-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селезнёв Д.М., Габрусенко С.А., Парфёнова Е.В. и др. Роль мутаций в гене тяже-лой цепи сердечного β-миозина в российской популяции больных гипертрофической кардиомиопатией. Кардиология 2005;4: 15-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Селезнёв Д.М., Габрусенко С.А., Парфёнова Е.В. и др. Роль мутаций в гене тяже-лой цепи сердечного β-миозина в российской популяции больных гипертрофической кардиомиопатией. Кардиология 2005;4: 15-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Габрусенко С.А. Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия: клинико-инструментальная характеристика, варианты клинического течения, прогноз и особенности медикаментозного лечения. Дисс. докт. мед. наук, M., 2009, 309 стр.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Габрусенко С.А. Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия: клинико-инструментальная характеристика, варианты клинического течения, прогноз и особенности медикаментозного лечения. Дисс. докт. мед. наук, M., 2009, 309 стр.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charron P., Dubourg O., Desnos M. et al. Clinical features and prognostic implications of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy related to the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene. Circulation 1998;97: 2230-2236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charron P., Dubourg O., Desnos M. et al. Clinical features and prognostic implications of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy related to the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene. Circulation 1998;97: 2230-2236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watkins H., McKenna W. J., Thierfelder L., et al. Mutations in the genes for cardiac troponin T and alpha-tropomyosin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1058-1064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watkins H., McKenna W. J., Thierfelder L., et al. Mutations in the genes for cardiac troponin T and alpha-tropomyosin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1058-1064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit101"><label>101</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongbloed R. J., Marcelis C. L., Doevendans P.A., et al. Variable clinical manifestation of a novel missense mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1) gene in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC 2003;41:981-986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongbloed R. J., Marcelis C. L., Doevendans P.A., et al. Variable clinical manifestation of a novel missense mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1) gene in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC 2003;41:981-986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit102"><label>102</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation 1995; 92:1680 –92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation 1995; 92:1680 –92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit103"><label>103</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenzweig A, Watkins H, Hwang DS, et al. Preclinical diagnosis of familial hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy by genetic analysis of blood lymphocytes. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1753– 60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenzweig A, Watkins H, Hwang DS, et al. Preclinical diagnosis of familial hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy by genetic analysis of blood lymphocytes. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1753– 60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit104"><label>104</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panza JA, Maron BJ. Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities to evolving left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1258 – 65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panza JA, Maron BJ. Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities to evolving left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1258 – 65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit105"><label>105</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho CY, Sweitzer NK, McDonough B, et al. Assessment of diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging to predict genotype in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2002;105:2992–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho CY, Sweitzer NK, McDonough B, et al. Assessment of diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging to predict genotype in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2002;105:2992–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit106"><label>106</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Shen WK, Link MS, et al. Efﬁcacy of implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 365–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Shen WK, Link MS, et al. Efﬁcacy of implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 365–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit107"><label>107</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse: long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1305–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse: long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1305–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit108"><label>108</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanﬁlippo AJ, et al. Identiﬁcation of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1031– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanﬁlippo AJ, et al. Identiﬁcation of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1031– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit109"><label>109</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freed LA, Levy D, Levine RA, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freed LA, Levy D, Levine RA, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit110"><label>110</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avierinos JF, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ III, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation 2002;106:1355– 61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avierinos JF, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ III, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation 2002;106:1355– 61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit111"><label>111</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Basso C, Nava A, Rossi L, Thiene G. Sudden death in young people with apparently isolated mitral valve prolapse. G Ital Cardiol 1997;27:1097–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Basso C, Nava A, Rossi L, Thiene G. Sudden death in young people with apparently isolated mitral valve prolapse. G Ital Cardiol 1997;27:1097–105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit112"><label>112</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glesby MJ, Pyeritz RE. Association of mitral valve prolapse and systemic abnormalities of connective tissue: a phenotypic continuum. JAMA 1989;262:523– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glesby MJ, Pyeritz RE. Association of mitral valve prolapse and systemic abnormalities of connective tissue: a phenotypic continuum. JAMA 1989;262:523– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit113"><label>113</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips M, Robinowitz M, Higgins JR, et al. Sudden cardiac death in Air Force recruits: a 20-year review. JAMA 1986;256:2696 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips M, Robinowitz M, Higgins JR, et al. Sudden cardiac death in Air Force recruits: a 20-year review. JAMA 1986;256:2696 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit114"><label>114</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, et al. Myocarditis: a histopathologic deﬁnition and classiﬁcation. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1987;1:3–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, et al. Myocarditis: a histopathologic deﬁnition and classiﬁcation. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1987;1:3–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit115"><label>115</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karjalainen J, Heikkila J. Incidence of three presentations of acute myocarditis in young men in military service: a 20-year experience. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1120 –5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karjalainen J, Heikkila J. Incidence of three presentations of acute myocarditis in young men in military service: a 20-year experience. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1120 –5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit116"><label>116</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, et al. Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:1617–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, et al. Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:1617–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit117"><label>117</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowles NE, Ni J, Kearney DL, et al. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of adeno-virus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:466 –72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowles NE, Ni J, Kearney DL, et al. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of adeno-virus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:466 –72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit118"><label>118</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towbin JA. Myocarditis. In: Finberg L, Kleinman R, editors. Saun-ders Manual of Pediatric Practice. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002:660 –3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towbin JA. Myocarditis. In: Finberg L, Kleinman R, editors. Saun-ders Manual of Pediatric Practice. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002:660 –3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit119"><label>119</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin AB, Webber S, Fricker FJ, et al. Acute myocarditis: rapid diagnosis by PCR in children. Circulation 1994;90:330 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin AB, Webber S, Fricker FJ, et al. Acute myocarditis: rapid diagnosis by PCR in children. Circulation 1994;90:330 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit120"><label>120</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietz HC, Cutting GR, Pyeritz RE, et al. Marfan syndrome caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in the ﬁbrillin gene. Nature 1991;352:337–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietz HC, Cutting GR, Pyeritz RE, et al. Marfan syndrome caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in the ﬁbrillin gene. Nature 1991;352:337–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit121"><label>121</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson PN, Godfrey M. The molecular genetics of Marfan syn-drome and related microﬁbrillopathies. J Med Genet 2000;37:9 –25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson PN, Godfrey M. The molecular genetics of Marfan syn-drome and related microﬁbrillopathies. J Med Genet 2000;37:9 –25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit122"><label>122</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pyeritz RE. Marfan syndrome and other disorders of ﬁbrillin. In: Rimoin DL, Conner JM, Pyeritz RE, Korf B, editors. Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics. 4th edition. Ed-inburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002:3977– 4020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pyeritz RE. Marfan syndrome and other disorders of ﬁbrillin. In: Rimoin DL, Conner JM, Pyeritz RE, Korf B, editors. Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics. 4th edition. Ed-inburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002:3977– 4020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit123"><label>123</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Paepe A, Devereux RB, Dietz HC, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1996;62:417–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Paepe A, Devereux RB, Dietz HC, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1996;62:417–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit124"><label>124</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Januzzi JL, Isselbacher EM, Fattori R, et al. Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:665–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Januzzi JL, Isselbacher EM, Fattori R, et al. Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:665–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit125"><label>125</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsalese DL, Moodie DS, Vacante M, et al. Marfan’s syndrome: natural history and long-term follow-up of cardiovascular involvement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:422–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsalese DL, Moodie DS, Vacante M, et al. Marfan’s syndrome: natural history and long-term follow-up of cardiovascular involvement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:422–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit126"><label>126</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shores J, Berger KR, Murphy EA, Pyeritz RE. Progression of aortic dilatation and the beneﬁt of long-term beta-adrenergic blockade in Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1335– 41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shores J, Berger KR, Murphy EA, Pyeritz RE. Progression of aortic dilatation and the beneﬁt of long-term beta-adrenergic blockade in Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1335– 41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit127"><label>127</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yetman AT, Bornemeier RA, McCrindle BW. Long-term outcome in patients with Mar-fan syndrome: is aortic dissection the only cause of sudden death? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:329 –32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yetman AT, Bornemeier RA, McCrindle BW. Long-term outcome in patients with Mar-fan syndrome: is aortic dissection the only cause of sudden death? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:329 –32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit128"><label>128</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gott VL, Greene PS, Alejo DE, et al. Replacement of the aortic root in patients with Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1307–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gott VL, Greene PS, Alejo DE, et al. Replacement of the aortic root in patients with Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1307–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit129"><label>129</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Virgilio C, Nelson RJ, Milliken J, et al. Ascending aortic dissection in weight lifters with cystic medial degeneration. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:638 – 42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Virgilio C, Nelson RJ, Milliken J, et al. Ascending aortic dissection in weight lifters with cystic medial degeneration. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:638 – 42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit130"><label>130</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elefteriades JA, Hatzaras I, Tranquilli MA, et al. Weight lifting and rupture of silent aortic aneurysms. JAMA 2003;290:2803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elefteriades JA, Hatzaras I, Tranquilli MA, et al. Weight lifting and rupture of silent aortic aneurysms. JAMA 2003;290:2803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit131"><label>131</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferencik M, Pape LA. Changes in size of ascending aorta and aortic valve function with time in patients with congenitally bicuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:43– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferencik M, Pape LA. Changes in size of ascending aorta and aortic valve function with time in patients with congenitally bicuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:43– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit132"><label>132</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahn RT, Roman MJ, Mogtader AH, Devereux RB. Association of aortic dilation with regurgitant, stenotic and functionally normal bicuspid aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:283– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahn RT, Roman MJ, Mogtader AH, Devereux RB. Association of aortic dilation with regurgitant, stenotic and functionally normal bicuspid aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:283– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit133"><label>133</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts CS, Roberts WC. Dissection of the aorta associated with congenital malformation of the aortic valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:712– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts CS, Roberts WC. Dissection of the aorta associated with congenital malformation of the aortic valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:712– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit134"><label>134</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cripe L, Andelﬁnger G, Martin LJ, Shooner K, Benson DW. Bicuspid aortic valve is heritable. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:138 –43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cripe L, Andelﬁnger G, Martin LJ, Shooner K, Benson DW. Bicuspid aortic valve is heritable. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:138 –43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit135"><label>135</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewin MB, McBride KL, Pignatelli R, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of asymptomatic parental and sibling cardiovascular anom-alies associated with congenital left ventricular outﬂow tract lesions. Pediatrics 2004;114:691–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewin MB, McBride KL, Pignatelli R, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of asymptomatic parental and sibling cardiovascular anom-alies associated with congenital left ventricular outﬂow tract lesions. Pediatrics 2004;114:691–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit136"><label>136</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, O’Loughlin J. Two-dimensional echocardio-graphic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:507–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, O’Loughlin J. Two-dimensional echocardio-graphic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:507–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit137"><label>137</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabib A, Loire R, Chalabreysse L, et al. Circumstances of death and gross and microscopic observations in a series of 200 cases of sudden death associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopa-thy and/or dysplasia. Circulation 2003;108:3000 –5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabib A, Loire R, Chalabreysse L, et al. Circumstances of death and gross and microscopic observations in a series of 200 cases of sudden death associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopa-thy and/or dysplasia. Circulation 2003;108:3000 –5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit138"><label>138</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G, et al. Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1512–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G, et al. Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1512–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit139"><label>139</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D, Leoni L, Link MS, et al. Implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillator therapy for prevention of sudden death in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular car-diomyopathy/dysplasia. Circula-tion 2003;108:3084 –91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D, Leoni L, Link MS, et al. Implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillator therapy for prevention of sudden death in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular car-diomyopathy/dysplasia. Circula-tion 2003;108:3084 –91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit140"><label>140</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowles NE, Ni J, Marcus F, Towbin JA. The detection of cardiotropic viruses in the myocardium of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopa-thy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:892–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowles NE, Ni J, Marcus F, Towbin JA. The detection of cardiotropic viruses in the myocardium of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopa-thy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:892–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit141"><label>141</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oechslin EN, Attenhofer Jost CH, Rojas JR, et al. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:493–500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oechslin EN, Attenhofer Jost CH, Rojas JR, et al. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:493–500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit142"><label>142</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pignatelli RH, McMahon CJ, Dreyer WJ, et al. Clinical characteriza-tion of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2003;108:2672– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pignatelli RH, McMahon CJ, Dreyer WJ, et al. Clinical characteriza-tion of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2003;108:2672– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit143"><label>143</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560 –72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560 –72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit144"><label>144</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;114 Suppl:555–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;114 Suppl:555–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit145"><label>145</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:493–503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:493–503.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit146"><label>146</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J, et al. Relationship of physical activity and body mass index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finland. Hypertension 2004;43: 25–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J, et al. Relationship of physical activity and body mass index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finland. Hypertension 2004;43: 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit147"><label>147</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee CD, Folsom AR, Blair SN. Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Stroke 2003;34:2475– 81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee CD, Folsom AR, Blair SN. Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Stroke 2003;34:2475– 81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit148"><label>148</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Church TS, Kampert JB, Gibbons LW, et al. Usefulness of cardiorespiratory ﬁtness as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:651– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Church TS, Kampert JB, Gibbons LW, et al. Usefulness of cardiorespiratory ﬁtness as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:651– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit149"><label>149</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Brien KS, Blackie JM, Hunter JA: Hazardous drinking in elite New Zealand sports-people. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005; 40(3):239-241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Brien KS, Blackie JM, Hunter JA: Hazardous drinking in elite New Zealand sports-people. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005; 40(3):239-241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit150"><label>150</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Farrell et al. Alcohol use among amateur sportsmen in Ireland. BMC Research Notes 2010; 3:313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Farrell et al. Alcohol use among amateur sportsmen in Ireland. BMC Research Notes 2010; 3:313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit151"><label>151</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: an AHA scientiﬁc statement from the Council on High Blood Pressure Research, Professional, and Publi-cation Subcommittee. Hypertension 2005;45:142– 61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: an AHA scientiﬁc statement from the Council on High Blood Pressure Research, Professional, and Publi-cation Subcommittee. Hypertension 2005;45:142– 61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit152"><label>152</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 2000;35:838 – 43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 2000;35:838 – 43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit153"><label>153</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn TJ. Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity. J Hum Hypertens 2000;14:547–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn TJ. Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity. J Hum Hypertens 2000;14:547–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit154"><label>154</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmud A, Feely J. Spurious systolic hypertension of youth: ﬁt young men with elastic arteries. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:229 –32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmud A, Feely J. Spurious systolic hypertension of youth: ﬁt young men with elastic arteries. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:229 –32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit155"><label>155</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mottram PM, Haluska B, Yuda S, et al. Patients with a hypertensive response to exercise have impaired systolic function without diastolic dysfunction or left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:848 –53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mottram PM, Haluska B, Yuda S, et al. Patients with a hypertensive response to exercise have impaired systolic function without diastolic dysfunction or left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:848 –53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit156"><label>156</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kjeldsen SE, Mundal R, Sandvik L, et al. Supine and exercise systolic blood pressure predict cardiovascular death in middle-aged men. J Hypertens 2001;19:1343– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kjeldsen SE, Mundal R, Sandvik L, et al. Supine and exercise systolic blood pressure predict cardiovascular death in middle-aged men. J Hypertens 2001;19:1343– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit157"><label>157</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyachi M, Kawano H, Sugawara J, et al. Unfavorable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized inter-vention study. Circulation 2004;110:2858 – 63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyachi M, Kawano H, Sugawara J, et al. Unfavorable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized inter-vention study. Circulation 2004;110:2858 – 63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit158"><label>158</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Missault L, Duprez D, de Buyzere M, et al. Decreased exercise capacity in mild essential hypertension: non-invasive indicators of limiting factors. J Hum Hypertens 1992;6:151–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Missault L, Duprez D, de Buyzere M, et al. Decreased exercise capacity in mild essential hypertension: non-invasive indicators of limiting factors. J Hum Hypertens 1992;6:151–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit159"><label>159</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanhees L, Defoor JG, Schepers D, et al. Effect of bisoprolol and atenolol on endurance exercise capacity in healthy men. J Hypertens 2000;18:35– 43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanhees L, Defoor JG, Schepers D, et al. Effect of bisoprolol and atenolol on endurance exercise capacity in healthy men. J Hypertens 2000;18:35– 43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit160"><label>160</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCambridge TM, Benjamin HJ, Brenner JS, et al.; Athletic Participation by Children and Adolescents Who Have Systemic Hypertension. Pediatrics 2010; 125(6):1287-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCambridge TM, Benjamin HJ, Brenner JS, et al.; Athletic Participation by Children and Adolescents Who Have Systemic Hypertension. Pediatrics 2010; 125(6):1287-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit161"><label>161</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovas-cular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003;107:3109 –16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovas-cular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003;107:3109 –16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit162"><label>162</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mittleman MA, Maclure M, Toﬂer GH, et al. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion: protection against triggering by regular exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1677– 83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mittleman MA, Maclure M, Toﬂer GH, et al. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion: protection against triggering by regular exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1677– 83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit163"><label>163</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willich SN, Lewis M, Lowel H, et al. Physical exertion as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction. Triggers and Mechanisms of Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1684 –90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willich SN, Lewis M, Lowel H, et al. Physical exertion as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction. Triggers and Mechanisms of Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1684 –90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit164"><label>164</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giri S, Thompson PD, Kiernan FJ, et al. Clinical and angiographic characteristics of exertion-related acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 1999;282:1731– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giri S, Thompson PD, Kiernan FJ, et al. Clinical and angiographic characteristics of exertion-related acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 1999;282:1731– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit165"><label>165</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson PD, Funk EJ, Carleton RA, Sturner WQ. Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. JAMA 1982;247:2535– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson PD, Funk EJ, Carleton RA, Sturner WQ. Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. JAMA 1982;247:2535– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit166"><label>166</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med 1984;311:874 –7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med 1984;311:874 –7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit167"><label>167</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, et al. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1355– 61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, et al. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1355– 61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit168"><label>168</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragosta M, Crabtree J, Sturner WQ, Thompson PD. Death during recreational exercise in the state of Rhode Island. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1984;16:339 – 42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragosta M, Crabtree J, Sturner WQ, Thompson PD. Death during recreational exercise in the state of Rhode Island. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1984;16:339 – 42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit169"><label>169</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciampricotti R, Deckers JW, Taverne R, et al. Characteristics of conditioned and sedentary men with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:219 –22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciampricotti R, Deckers JW, Taverne R, et al. Characteristics of conditioned and sedentary men with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:219 –22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit170"><label>170</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Araujo CG, Thompson PD, et al. Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes: an advisory for healthcare professionals from the working groups of the World Heart Federation, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation 2001;103:327–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Araujo CG, Thompson PD, et al. Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes: an advisory for healthcare professionals from the working groups of the World Heart Federation, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation 2001;103:327–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit171"><label>171</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wexler L, Brundage B, Crouse J, et al. Coronary artery calciﬁcation: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical impli-cations. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association Writing Group. Circulation 1996;94:1175–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wexler L, Brundage B, Crouse J, et al. Coronary artery calciﬁcation: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical impli-cations. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association Writing Group. Circulation 1996;94:1175–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit172"><label>172</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Rourke RA, Brundage BH, Froelicher VF, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000;102:126 – 40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Rourke RA, Brundage BH, Froelicher VF, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000;102:126 – 40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit173"><label>173</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, et al. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004;291:210 –5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, et al. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004;291:210 –5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit174"><label>174</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). Available at: www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/exercise/dirIndex.htm. Accessed October 1, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). Available at: www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/exercise/dirIndex.htm. Accessed October 1, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit175"><label>175</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, et al. Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal’s variant angina: role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm. Circulation 1979;59:938 – 48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, et al. Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal’s variant angina: role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm. Circulation 1979;59:938 – 48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit176"><label>176</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark DB, Califf RM, Morris KG, et al. Clinical characteristics and long-term survival of patients with variant angina. Circulation 1984; 69:880 – 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark DB, Califf RM, Morris KG, et al. Clinical characteristics and long-term survival of patients with variant angina. Circulation 1984; 69:880 – 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit177"><label>177</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon JB, Ganz P, Nabel EG, et al. Atherosclerosis inﬂuences the vasomotor response of epicardial coronary arteries to exercise. J Clin Invest 1989;83:1946 –52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon JB, Ganz P, Nabel EG, et al. Atherosclerosis inﬂuences the vasomotor response of epicardial coronary arteries to exercise. J Clin Invest 1989;83:1946 –52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit178"><label>178</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waters DD, Szlachcic J, Bourassa MG, et al. Exercise testing in patients with variant angina: results, correlation with clinical and angiographic features and prognostic signiﬁcance. Circulation 1982;65:265–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waters DD, Szlachcic J, Bourassa MG, et al. Exercise testing in patients with variant angina: results, correlation with clinical and angiographic features and prognostic signiﬁcance. Circulation 1982;65:265–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit179"><label>179</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation 2003;107:149 –58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation 2003;107:149 –58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit180"><label>180</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shanoudy H, Raggi P, Gasperetti C, et al. Detection of coronary vasospasm by posthyperventilation technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1998;81: 573–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shanoudy H, Raggi P, Gasperetti C, et al. Detection of coronary vasospasm by posthyperventilation technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1998;81: 573–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit181"><label>181</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller LW, Schlant RC, Kobashigawa J, et al. 24th Bethesda Conference: cardiac transplantation. Task force 5: complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:41–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller LW, Schlant RC, Kobashigawa J, et al. 24th Bethesda Conference: cardiac transplantation. Task force 5: complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:41–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit182"><label>182</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uretsky BF, Kormos RL, Zerbe TR et al. Cardiac events after heart transplantation: incidence and predictive value of coronary arteriography. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:S45–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uretsky BF, Kormos RL, Zerbe TR et al. Cardiac events after heart transplantation: incidence and predictive value of coronary arteriography. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:S45–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit183"><label>183</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schroeder JS, Gao SZ, Hunt SA, Stinson EB. Accelerated graft coronary artery disease: diagnosis and prevention. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:S258 – 65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schroeder JS, Gao SZ, Hunt SA, Stinson EB. Accelerated graft coronary artery disease: diagnosis and prevention. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:S258 – 65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit184"><label>184</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spes CH, Klauss V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobuta-mine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 1999;100:509 –15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spes CH, Klauss V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobuta-mine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 1999;100:509 –15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit185"><label>185</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spes CH, Klauss V, Rieber J, et al. Functional and morphological ﬁndings in heart transplant recipients with a normal coronary angiogram: an analysis by dobutamine stress echocardiography, intracoronary Doppler and intravascular ultrasound. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999;18:391– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spes CH, Klauss V, Rieber J, et al. Functional and morphological ﬁndings in heart transplant recipients with a normal coronary angiogram: an analysis by dobutamine stress echocardiography, intracoronary Doppler and intravascular ultrasound. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999;18:391– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit186"><label>186</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen RL, Applegate PM, Dyar DA, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessing coronary artery disease after transplantation in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:515–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen RL, Applegate PM, Dyar DA, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessing coronary artery disease after transplantation in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:515–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit187"><label>187</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akosah KO, McDaniel S, Hanrahan JS, Mohanty PK. Dobutamine stress echocardiography early after heart transplantation predicts development of allograft coronary artery disease and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1607–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akosah KO, McDaniel S, Hanrahan JS, Mohanty PK. Dobutamine stress echocardiography early after heart transplantation predicts development of allograft coronary artery disease and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1607–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit188"><label>188</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohlenkamp S, Hort W, Ge J, Erbel R. Update on myocardial bridging. Circulation 2002;106:2616 –22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohlenkamp S, Hort W, Ge J, Erbel R. Update on myocardial bridging. Circulation 2002;106:2616 –22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit189"><label>189</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morales AR, Romanelli R, Tate LG, et al. Intramural left anterior descending coronary artery: signiﬁcance of the depth of the muscular tunnel. Hum Pathol 1993;24:693–701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morales AR, Romanelli R, Tate LG, et al. Intramural left anterior descending coronary artery: signiﬁcance of the depth of the muscular tunnel. Hum Pathol 1993;24:693–701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit190"><label>190</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Betriu A, Tubau J, Sanz G, et al. Relief of angina by periarterial muscle resection of myocardial bridges. Am Heart J 1980;100:223-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Betriu A, Tubau J, Sanz G, et al. Relief of angina by periarterial muscle resection of myocardial bridges. Am Heart J 1980;100:223-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit191"><label>191</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr., Bashore TM, et al. Coronary ﬂow and regional function before and after supraarterial myotomy for myocardial bridging. Ann Thorac Surg 1981;31:176 -81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr., Bashore TM, et al. Coronary ﬂow and regional function before and after supraarterial myotomy for myocardial bridging. Ann Thorac Surg 1981;31:176 -81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit192"><label>192</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zehender M, Meinertz T, Keul J, Just H. ECG variants and cardiac arrhythmias in athletes: clinical relevance and prognostic importance. Am Heart J 1990;119:1378 –91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zehender M, Meinertz T, Keul J, Just H. ECG variants and cardiac arrhythmias in athletes: clinical relevance and prognostic importance. Am Heart J 1990;119:1378 –91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit193"><label>193</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjornstad H, Storstein L, Meen HD, Hals O. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects. Cardiology 1994;84:42–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjornstad H, Storstein L, Meen HD, Hals O. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects. Cardiology 1994;84:42–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit194"><label>194</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2005:803– 63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2005:803– 63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit195"><label>195</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allessie M, Ausma J, Schotten U. Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:230–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allessie M, Ausma J, Schotten U. Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:230–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit196"><label>196</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antzelevitch C. Molecular genetics of arrhythmias and cardiovascular conditions associated with arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:1259 –72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antzelevitch C. Molecular genetics of arrhythmias and cardiovascular conditions associated with arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:1259 –72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit197"><label>197</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moya А, Sutton R, Ammirati F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2009;30(21): 2631-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moya А, Sutton R, Ammirati F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2009;30(21): 2631-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit198"><label>198</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colivicchi F, Ammirati F, Santini M. Epidemiology and prognostic implications of syncope in young competing athletes. Eur Heart J 2004;25(19):1749-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colivicchi F, Ammirati F, Santini M. Epidemiology and prognostic implications of syncope in young competing athletes. Eur Heart J 2004;25(19):1749-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit199"><label>199</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calkins H, Zipes DP. Hypotension and syncope. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2005:909 –19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calkins H, Zipes DP. Hypotension and syncope. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2005:909 –19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit200"><label>200</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ackerman MJ, Khositseth A, Tester DJ, et al. Epinephrine-induced QT interval prolongation: a gene-specific paradoxical response in congenital long QT syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2002;77:413–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ackerman MJ, Khositseth A, Tester DJ, et al. Epinephrine-induced QT interval prolongation: a gene-specific paradoxical response in congenital long QT syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2002;77:413–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit201"><label>201</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schott JJ, Alshinawi C, Kyndt F, et al. Cardiac conduction defects associated with mutations in SCN5A. Nat Genet 1999;23:20 –1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schott JJ, Alshinawi C, Kyndt F, et al. Cardiac conduction defects associated with mutations in SCN5A. Nat Genet 1999;23:20 –1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit202"><label>202</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benson DW, Wang DW, Dyment M, et al. Congenital sick sinus syndrome caused by recessive mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene (SCN5A). J Clin Invest 2003;112:1019 –28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benson DW, Wang DW, Dyment M, et al. Congenital sick sinus syndrome caused by recessive mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene (SCN5A). J Clin Invest 2003;112:1019 –28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit203"><label>203</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nattel S, Erlich J. Atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004:512–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nattel S, Erlich J. Atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004:512–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit204"><label>204</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlanello F, Bertoldi A, Dallago M, et al. Atrial fibrillation in elite athletes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998;9:S63– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlanello F, Bertoldi A, Dallago M, et al. Atrial fibrillation in elite athletes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998;9:S63– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit205"><label>205</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oral H, Strickberger SA. Junctional rhythms and junctional tachycardia. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2004:523–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oral H, Strickberger SA. Junctional rhythms and junctional tachycardia. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2004:523–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit206"><label>206</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lockwood D, Otomoto K, Wang Z. Electrophysiologic characteristics of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004:537–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lockwood D, Otomoto K, Wang Z. Electrophysiologic characteristics of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. In: Zipes D, Jalife J, editors. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004:537–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit207"><label>207</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappone C, Santinelli V, Rosanio S, et al. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkin-son-White pattern: results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:239–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappone C, Santinelli V, Rosanio S, et al. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkin-son-White pattern: results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:239–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit208"><label>208</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein GJ, Bashore TM, Sellers TD, et al. Ventricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 1979;301:1080 –5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein GJ, Bashore TM, Sellers TD, et al. Ventricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 1979;301:1080 –5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit209"><label>209</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappone C, Santinelli V, Manguso F, et al. A randomized study of prophylactic catheter ablation in asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1803–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappone C, Santinelli V, Manguso F, et al. A randomized study of prophylactic catheter ablation in asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1803–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit210"><label>210</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biffi A, Maron BJ, Verdile L, et al. Impact of physical deconditioning on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1053– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biffi A, Maron BJ, Verdile L, et al. Impact of physical deconditioning on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1053– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit211"><label>211</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ackerman MJ. Cardiac channelopathies: it’s in the genes. Nat Med 2004;10:463– 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ackerman MJ. Cardiac channelopathies: it’s in the genes. Nat Med 2004;10:463– 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit212"><label>212</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C, et al. Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1866 –74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C, et al. Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1866 –74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit213"><label>213</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Spazzolini C, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for lifethreatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001;103:89 –95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Spazzolini C, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for lifethreatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001;103:89 –95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit214"><label>214</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi G, Kopplin LJ, Tester DJ, et al. Spectrum and frequency of cardiac channel defects implicated in swimming-triggered arrhythmia syndromes. Circulation 2004;110:2119–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi G, Kopplin LJ, Tester DJ, et al. Spectrum and frequency of cardiac channel defects implicated in swimming-triggered arrhythmia syndromes. Circulation 2004;110:2119–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit215"><label>215</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brugada R, Hong K, Dumaine R, et al. Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation 2004;109:30 –5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brugada R, Hong K, Dumaine R, et al. Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation 2004;109:30 –5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit216"><label>216</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumitomo N, Harada K, Nagashima M, et al. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: electrocardiographic characteristics and optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent sudden death. Heart 2003;89:66 –70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumitomo N, Harada K, Nagashima M, et al. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: electrocardiographic characteristics and optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent sudden death. Heart 2003;89:66 –70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit217"><label>217</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brugada P, Brugada R, Mont L, et al. Natural history of Brugada syndrome: the prognostic value of programmed electrical stimulation of the heart. J Cardiovasc Electro-physiol 2003;14:455–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brugada P, Brugada R, Mont L, et al. Natural history of Brugada syndrome: the prognostic value of programmed electrical stimulation of the heart. J Cardiovasc Electro-physiol 2003;14:455–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit218"><label>218</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2005:865–908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2005:865–908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit219"><label>219</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D. Is prevention of sudden death in young athletes feasible? Cardiologia 1999;44:497–505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D. Is prevention of sudden death in young athletes feasible? Cardiologia 1999;44:497–505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit220"><label>220</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobb LA, Weaver WD, Fahrenbruch CE, et al. Community-based interventions for sudden cardiac death: impact, limitations, and changes. Circulation 1992;85:I98 –102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cobb LA, Weaver WD, Fahrenbruch CE, et al. Community-based interventions for sudden cardiac death: impact, limitations, and changes. Circulation 1992;85:I98 –102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit221"><label>221</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Rourke MF, Donaldson E, Geddes JS. An airline cardiac arrest program. Circulation 1997;96:2849 –53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Rourke MF, Donaldson E, Geddes JS. An airline cardiac arrest program. Circulation 1997;96:2849 –53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit222"><label>222</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Page RL, Joglar JA, Kowal RC, et al. Use of automated external defibrillators by a U.S. airline. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1210–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Page RL, Joglar JA, Kowal RC, et al. Use of automated external defibrillators by a U.S. airline. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1210–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit223"><label>223</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, et al. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1206 –9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, et al. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1206 –9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit224"><label>224</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caffrey SL, Willoughby PJ, Pepe PE, Becker LB. Public use of automated external defibrillators. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1242–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caffrey SL, Willoughby PJ, Pepe PE, Becker LB. Public use of automated external defibrillators. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1242–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit225"><label>225</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zipes DP. President’s page: the neighborhood health watch program: Save A Victim Everywhere (SAVE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37: 2004–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zipes DP. President’s page: the neighborhood health watch program: Save A Victim Everywhere (SAVE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37: 2004–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit226"><label>226</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J. Incidence, duration and survival of ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation 2000;44:7–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J. Incidence, duration and survival of ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation 2000;44:7–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit227"><label>227</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marenco JP, Wang PJ, Link MS, et al. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the role of the automated external defibrillator. JAMA 2001;285:1193–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marenco JP, Wang PJ, Link MS, et al. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the role of the automated external defibrillator. JAMA 2001;285:1193–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit228"><label>228</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazinski MF, Markenson D, Neish S, et al. Response to cardiac arrest and selected life-threatening medical emergencies: the medical emergency response plan for schools: a statement for healthcare providers, policymakers, school administrators, and community leaders. Circulation 2004;109:278 –91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazinski MF, Markenson D, Neish S, et al. Response to cardiac arrest and selected life-threatening medical emergencies: the medical emergency response plan for schools: a statement for healthcare providers, policymakers, school administrators, and community leaders. Circulation 2004;109:278 –91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit229"><label>229</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Poliac LC, Kaplan JA, Mueller FO. Blunt impact to the chest leading to sudden death from cardiac arrest during sports activities. N Engl J Med 1995;333:337–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Poliac LC, Kaplan JA, Mueller FO. Blunt impact to the chest leading to sudden death from cardiac arrest during sports activities. N Engl J Med 1995;333:337–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit230"><label>230</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron BJ, Gohman TE, Kyle SB, et al. Clinical profile and spectrum of commotio cordis. JAMA 2002;287:1142– 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron BJ, Gohman TE, Kyle SB, et al. Clinical profile and spectrum of commotio cordis. JAMA 2002;287:1142– 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit231"><label>231</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Wang PJ, Pandian NG, et al. An experimental model of sudden death due to low-energy chest-wall impact (commotio cordis). N Engl J Med 1998;338:1805–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Wang PJ, Pandian NG, et al. An experimental model of sudden death due to low-energy chest-wall impact (commotio cordis). N Engl J Med 1998;338:1805–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit232"><label>232</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Maron BJ, VanderBrink BA, et al. Impact directly over the cardiac silhouette is necessary to produce ventricular fibrillation in an experimental model of commotio cordis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:649–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Maron BJ, VanderBrink BA, et al. Impact directly over the cardiac silhouette is necessary to produce ventricular fibrillation in an experimental model of commotio cordis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:649–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit233"><label>233</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Maron BJ, Wang PJ, et al. Reduced risk of sudden death from chest wall blows (commotio cordis) with safety baseballs. Pediatrics 2002;109:873–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Maron BJ, Wang PJ, et al. Reduced risk of sudden death from chest wall blows (commotio cordis) with safety baseballs. Pediatrics 2002;109:873–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit234"><label>234</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Maron BJ, Wang PJ. Upper and lower limits of vulnerability to sudden arrhythmic death with chest wall impact (commotio cordis). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:99 –104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Maron BJ, Wang PJ. Upper and lower limits of vulnerability to sudden arrhythmic death with chest wall impact (commotio cordis). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:99 –104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit235"><label>235</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Wang PJ, VanderBrink BA, et al. Selective activation of the K(+)(ATP) channel is a mechanism by which sudden death is produced by low-energy chest-wall impact (commotio cordis). Circulation 1999;100:413– 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Wang PJ, VanderBrink BA, et al. Selective activation of the K(+)(ATP) channel is a mechanism by which sudden death is produced by low-energy chest-wall impact (commotio cordis). Circulation 1999;100:413– 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit236"><label>236</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstock J, Maron BJ, Song C, et al. Commercially available chest wall protectors fail to prevent ventricular fibrillation induced by chest wall impact (commotio cordis) (abstr). Heart Rhythm 2004;1:692.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstock J, Maron BJ, Song C, et al. Commercially available chest wall protectors fail to prevent ventricular fibrillation induced by chest wall impact (commotio cordis) (abstr). Heart Rhythm 2004;1:692.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit237"><label>237</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strasburger JF, Maron BJ. Images in clinical medicine: commotion cordis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strasburger JF, Maron BJ. Images in clinical medicine: commotion cordis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit238"><label>238</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link MS, Maron BJ, Stickney RE, et al. Automated external defibrillator arrhythmia detection in a model of cardiac arrest due to commotio cordis. J Cardiovasc Electro-physiol 2003;14:83–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Link MS, Maron BJ, Stickney RE, et al. Automated external defibrillator arrhythmia detection in a model of cardiac arrest due to commotio cordis. J Cardiovasc Electro-physiol 2003;14:83–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
