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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2017-13-6-871-879</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>SMOKING AS A RISK FACTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES: PREVALENCE, IMPACT ON PROGNOSIS, POSSIBLE SMOKING CESSATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. Part 1. Smoking Prevalence and Impact on Prognosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>КУРЕНИЕ КАК ФАКТОР РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ И ЦЕРЕБРОВАСКУЛЯРНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ: РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ, ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПРОГНОЗ, ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ПРЕКРАЩЕНИЯ КУРЕНИЯ И ИХ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ. Часть 1. Распространенность курения и влияние на прогноз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии и профболезней МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова; профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Faculty Therapy and Occupational Diseases, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Извеков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izvekov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Извеков Александр Александрович – кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач </p><p>111399 Москва, Федеративный просп., 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Izvekov – MD, PhD, Head Physician </p><p>Federativnii prospekt 17, Moscow, 111399</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воеводина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevodina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воеводина Надежда Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, зам. главного врача по медицинской части</p><p>111399, Москва, Федеративный проспект, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda Yu. Voevodina – MD, PhD, Deputy Chief Physician on Medical Issues</p><p>Federativnii prospekt 17, Moscow, 111399</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова;&#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. Е.О. Мухина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after E.O. Mukhin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>871</fpage><lpage>879</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ostroumova O.D., Izvekov A.A., Voevodina N.Y., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Извеков А.А., Воеводина Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroumova O.D., Izvekov A.A., Voevodina N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1502">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1502</self-uri><abstract><p>The prevalence of smoking in the Russian Federation is 27.7%. Losses of potential years of life in working age associated with premature death due to smoking in Russia on average are 9 years for men, for women – 5.6 years. Tobacco use is a risk factor for 6 of 8 main causes of death in the world: ischemic heart disease (IHD); cerebral circulation disorders; lower respiratory tract infection; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; tuberculosis; trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer. The risk of developing IHD in smoking patients is increased by 2-4 times in men and women and in any age group. Myocardial infarction occurs in smoking patients at a younger age, and they have a similar risk of coronary events with patients of older age groups. The increased risk of recurrent coronary events persists with the continuation of smoking in the patient after myocardial infarction. Smoking is associated with a double risk of ischemic stroke and a 2-4-fold increase in the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The risk of peripheral arteries diseases in smokers is increased 3-6 times than this in non-smokers. The mechanisms of development of acute cardiovascular events during smoking include the activation of inflammation, platelet aggregation/thrombogenesis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the development of endothelial dysfunction due to exposure to tobacco smoke components.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Распространенность курения в Российской Федерации высока, и составляет 27,7%. В РФ потери потенциальных лет жизни в трудоспособном возрасте, связанные с преждевременной смертностью, обусловленной курением, в среднем составляют у мужчин 9 лет, у женщин – 5,6 года. Употребление табака служит фактором риска в отношении 6-ти из 8 основных причин смерти в мире, а именно – ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС); нарушений мозгового кровообращения; инфекции нижних дыхательных путей; хронической обструктивной болезни легких; туберкулеза; рака трахеи, бронхов и легких. Риск развития ИБС у курящих пациентов повышен в 2-4 раза у лиц обоего пола и в любой возрастной группе. Инфаркт миокарда у курящих пациентов развивается в более молодом возрасте, при этом они имеют сходный риск развития неблагоприятных коронарных событий с пациентами старших возрастных групп. Если курящий пациент, перенесший острый инфаркт миокарда, не прекращает курить, у него в течение длительного времени сохраняется повышенный риск повторных коронарных событий. Курение ассоциируется с примерно вдвое большим риском развития ишемического инсульта и с 2-4-х кратным увеличением риска развития субарахноидального кровоизлияния. У курильщиков в 3-6 раз выше риск развития заболеваний периферических артерий, чем у некурящих. Механизмы развития острых сердечно-сосудистых событий при курении многообразны и включают, в том числе, активацию процессов воспаления, агрегации тромбоцитов/тромбогенеза, симпатической нервной системы, развитие эндотелиальной дисфункции под воздействием компонентов табачного дыма.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>: курение</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>прекращение курения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>smoking cessation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic. 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