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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2017-13-5-615-621</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1529</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>THE ROLE OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РОЛЬ  ФАКТОРОВ, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ С СОХРАНЕННОЙ ФРАКЦИЕЙ ВЫБРОСА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куркина Мария Владимировна – аспирант, кафедра  терапии и подростковой медицины.</p><p>123242, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria  V. Kurkina – MD, Postgraduate Student, Chair of Therapy and Adolescent Medicine.</p><p>Barrikadnaya ul. 2/1, Moscow, 123242</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurkina_mariya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Автандилов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avtandilov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Автандилов Александр Георгиевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии и подростковой медицины.</p><p>123242, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Avtandilov – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Chair of Therapy and Adolescent Medicine.</p><p>Barrikadnaya ul. 2/1, Moscow, 123242</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутовцев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutovcev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крутовцев Игорь Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук,  ассистент, кафедра терапии и подростковой медицины.</p><p>123242, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Krutovcev – MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Therapy and Adolescent Medicine.</p><p>Barrikadnaya ul. 2/1, Moscow, 123242</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Vocational Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>615</fpage><lpage>621</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kurkina M.V., Avtandilov A.G., Krutovcev I.A., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куркина М.В., Автандилов А.Г., Крутовцев И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurkina M.V., Avtandilov A.G., Krutovcev I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1529">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1529</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the combination and contribution of risk factors (age, hypertension (HT), obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), length of illness) leading to the formation of chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 100 hypertensive patients (aged 40 to 80 years) with concomitant obesity or diabetes or CKD. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence of one major and/or several concomitant diseases. Echocardiography, assessment of large arterial vessels stiffness indices (SI m/s, CAVI m/s), and determination of small muscle arteries tonus (RI%) were performed in all patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) and left atrial (LA) was observed in all patients with comorbid status, as well as reduction in diastolic function. The LV myocardial mass index in the first group was 117.2±31.4 g/m2, in the second one – 125.9±27.4 g/m2, in the third group – 121.5±15.6 g/m2 and in the fourth one – 126.1±11.5 g/m2. A significant increase in the LA volume index was founded in the first group  – 33.4±3.9 ml/m2, in the second one – 39.6±9.1 ml/m2, in the third group – 38.1±5.2 ml/m2 and in the fourth one – 39.8±6.6 ml/m2 (р&lt;0.05). The parameters reflecting the rigidity of large arterial vessels (SI m/s, CAVI m/s) also exceeded the threshold values in each group; significant differences SI were between the first and fourth, second  and fourth groups  (р&lt;0.05), CAVI between the first and third groups  (р&lt;0.05). A significant correlation was found between CAVI and age (r=0.63), which indicated an increase in arterial stiffness with age.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In the formation of CHF with preserved EF, additional factors enhance the changes associated with LV remodeling and LA overload. These changes occur with a progressive decrease in LV diastolic function and increase in myocardial stiffness. HT and obesity are the main contributors to the development of CHF with preserved EF. Remodeling of the LV, LA and vascular system in CHF with preserved EF develop simultaneously.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить сочетание и вклад факторов риска (возраст, гипертоническая болезнь (ГБ), ожирение, сахарный диабет 2 типа, хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП), стаж заболевания), приводящих к формированию хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) с сохраненной фракцией выброса (ФВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 100 пациентов с ГБ в сочетании с ожирением или сахарным диабетом 2 типа или ХБП. Пациенты были разделены на 4 группы по наличию одного основного и/или нескольких сопутствующих заболеваний. Всем пациентам была выполнена эхокардиография, оценены показатели индексов жесткости крупных артериальных сосудов (SI м/с и CAVI м/с) и определен тонус мелких мышечных артерий (RI%).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех пациентов с коморбидными состояниями выявлено ремоделирование левого желудочка (ЛЖ) и левого предсердия (ЛП), снижение диастолической функции. Индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ в 1-й группе составил 117,2±31,4 г/м2, во 2-й – 125,9±27,4 г/м2, в 3-й –</p><p>121,5±15,6 г/м2  и в 4-й – 126,1±11,5 г/м2. Отмечено  значимое увеличение индекса объема ЛП: в 1-й группе – до 33,4±3,9 мл/м2, во 2-й – до 39,6±9,1 мл/м2, в 3-й – до 38,1±5,2 мл/м2 и в 4-й – до 39,8±6,6 мл/м2 (р&lt;0,05). Параметры, отражающие жесткость крупных артериальных сосудов  (SI м/с и CAVI м/с), также превышали пороговые значения в каждой группе, значимые отличия  SI были между 1-й и 4-й, 2-й и 4-й группами (р&lt;0,05), CAVI между 1-й и 3-й группами (р&lt;0,05). Выявлена значимая корреляция CAVI и возраста (r=0,63), что указывало на увеличение жесткости артериальных сосудов с возрастом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При формировании ХСН с сохраненной ФВ дополнительные факторы усиливают изменения, связанные с ремоделированием ЛЖ, перегрузкой ЛП. Указанные изменения происходят на фоне  прогрессивного снижения диастолической функции  ЛЖ с ростом жесткости миокарда. ГБ и ожирение вносят основной вклад в развитие ХСН с сохраненной ФВ. Ремоделирование ЛЖ, ЛП и сосудистой системы при ХСН с сохраненной ФВ формируются одновременно.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ремоделирование левого желудочка</kwd><kwd>жесткость сосудов</kwd><kwd>коморбидные состояния</kwd><kwd>диастолическая дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>left ventricular remodeling</kwd><kwd>stiffness vessels</kwd><kwd>comorbid states</kwd><kwd>diastolic dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindenfeld J., Albert N. M., et al. Comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010; 16:e1-194. doi:10.10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.04.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindenfeld J., Albert N. M., et al. Comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. 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