<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2017-13-5-699-705</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>WARFARIN AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE ERA OF NEW ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS. ISSUES OF MONITORING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF TREATMENT</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВАРФАРИН И ЕГО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В ЭРУ НОВЫХ ОРАЛЬНЫХ АНТИКОАГУЛЯНТОВ. ВОПРОСЫ КОНТРОЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марцевич</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martsevich</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марцевич Сергей Юрьевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела профилактической фармакотерапии.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Martsevich – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Preventive Pharmacotherapy.</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10,  Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smartsevich@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукина Юлия Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук,  ведущий научный сотрудник отдела профилактической фармакотерапии.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Lukina – MD, PhD, Leading Researcher,  Department of Preventive Pharmacotherapy.</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10,  Moscow, 101990 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>699</fpage><lpage>705</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Martsevich S.Y., Lukina Y.V., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марцевич С.Ю., Лукина Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martsevich S.Y., Lukina Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1545">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1545</self-uri><abstract><p>Oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy is currently gaining special importance due to the significant spread of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the population (especially in older age groups). The use of OAC in AF has an extensive evidence base, which confirms a significant decrease in the number of strokes and total mortality in the context of anticoagulation therapy (ACT) in AF. Currently, the "gold standard" of the OAC is warfarin, which has proved effectiveness in all categories of patients with AF. A whole group  of new OAC (NOAC) also appeared. In Russia, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban have been registered. All NOAC were studied in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in comparison with warfarin, mainly in patients with non-valvular AF, therefore, in valvular AF, as well as in patients with severe renal failure, warfarin remains the drug of choice. Advantages of warfarin in comparison with NOAC are the presence of known  antidote and standardized indicator of the efficacy and safety of the anticoagulation therapy – International Normalized Ratio (INR), as well as low price of the drug. The leading problem in the treatment of warfarin is the complexity and, at the same time, a strong  need to maintain INR within the therapeutic "window" of at least 60% of the treatment time. Obviously, the optimal solution to this problem is the possibility of self-testing of this indicator by the patient himself and,  probably, the ability to adjust the dosage of warfarin independently, to achieve the necessary values of INR (self-management) or titrate the dose with the help of a medical consultation by phone (self-monitoring). To date, several devices have been developed for self-monitoring of anticoagulation therapy – coagulometers. Their use leads to a decrease in the number of thromboembolic complications, and from the results of some RCTs – to a decrease in the number of large bleedings and total mortality, and to improve the quality of life of AF patients who  need  constant anticoagulation therapy. The high economic efficiency of using coagulometers has  also been  confirmed. Coagulometer CoaguChek  (Roche, Switzerland) has the largest evidence base for self-monitoring of INR and its impact on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Терапия оральными антикоагулянтами (ОАК) в настоящее время  приобретает особое значение в связи со значительным распространением в популяции (особенно в старших возрастных группах) фибрилляции предсердий (ФП). Применение ОАК при ФП имеет обширную  доказательную базу, подтверждающую значительное снижение числа мозговых  инсультов и общей  смертности на фоне антикоагуляционной терапии при ФП. В настоящее время  «золотым  стандартом» ОАК признан варфарин, доказавший свою эффективность у всех категорий пациентов с ФП. Также появилась целая группа новых ОАК (НОАК). В России зарегистрированы дабигатран, ривароксабан и апиксабан. Все НОАК изучались в рандомизированных клинических исследованиях (РКИ) в сравнении с варфарином, главным образом, у пациентов с неклапанной ФП, поэтому при клапанной ФП, а также у больных  с тяжелой  почечной  недостаточностью препаратом выбора по-прежнему остается варфарин. Преимуществами варфарина по сравнению с НОАК является наличие известного антидота  и стандартизированного показателя эффективности и безопасности проводимой антикоагуляционной терапии  – международного нормализованного отношения (МНО), а также невысокая цена препарата. Ведущей проблемой при лечении варфарином является сложность и одновременно жесткая необходимость поддержания МНО в пределах терапевтического «окна» не менее  60% времени лечения. Очевидно, что оптимальным решением данной проблемы  является возможность самоконтроля (self-testing) данного  показателя самим  больным и, вероятно, умение  самостоятельно корректировать дозировку варфарина для достижения нужных значений МНО (self-management) или титровать дозу препарата при помощи врачебной консультации по телефону (self-monitoring). На сегодняшний день разработано несколько приборов для самоконтроля антикоагуляционной терапии  – коагулометров. Их использование приводит к уменьшению числа тромбоэмболических осложнений, а по результатам некоторых РКИ – к снижению числа больших кровотечений и общей смертности), повышению качества жизни больных ФП, нуждающихся в постоянной антикоагуляционной терапии. Также подтверждена и высокая экономическая эффективность использования коагулометров. Наибольшую доказательную базу в отношении проведения самоконтроля МНО и его влияния на эффективность и безопасность антикоагуляционной терапии имеет коагулометр CoaguChek (Roche, Швейцария).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>варфарин</kwd><kwd>международное нормализованное отношение</kwd><kwd>самоконтроль</kwd><kwd>коагулометр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>warfarin</kwd><kwd>International normalized ratio</kwd><kwd>self-testing</kwd><kwd>coagulometer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 6: 213-20. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 6: 213-20. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:857-67</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:857-67</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fauchier L, Philippart R, Clementy N et al. How to define valvular atrial fibrillation? Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;108(10):530-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.06.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fauchier L, Philippart R, Clementy N et al. How to define valvular atrial fibrillation? Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;108(10):530-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.06.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Pasquale G, Zagnoni S, Riva L. Novel oral anticoagulants and valvular atrial fibrillation: are they always contraindicated? Intern Emerg Med. 2015 Feb;10(1):21-4. doi: 10.1007/s11739-014-1181-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Pasquale G, Zagnoni S, Riva L. Novel oral anticoagulants and valvular atrial fibrillation: are they always contraindicated? Intern Emerg Med. 2015 Feb;10(1):21-4. doi: 10.1007/s11739-014-1181-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eikelboom JW, Connoly SJ, Brueckmann M et al. for the REALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1206-14. doi: 10.1111/jth.12500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eikelboom JW, Connoly SJ, Brueckmann M et al. for the REALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1206-14. doi: 10.1111/jth.12500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White HD, Gruber M, Feyzi J et al. Comparison of outcomes among patients randomized to warfarin therapy according to anticoagulant control: results from SPORTIF III and V. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(3):239-45. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.3.239</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White HD, Gruber M, Feyzi J et al. Comparison of outcomes among patients randomized to warfarin therapy according to anticoagulant control: results from SPORTIF III and V. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(3):239-45. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.3.239</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gómez-Outes A., Terleira-FernЗndez AI, Calvo-Rojas G. et al. Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, or Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Subgroups. Thrombosis. 2013;2013:640723. doi: 10.1155/2013/640723</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gómez-Outes A., Terleira-FernЗndez AI, Calvo-Rojas G. et al. Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, or Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Subgroups. Thrombosis. 2013;2013:640723. doi: 10.1155/2013/640723</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Alamino JM, Ward AM, Alonso-Coello P. et al. Self-monitoring and self-management of oral anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;4(4):CD003839. : doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD003839.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Alamino JM, Ward AM, Alonso-Coello P. et al. Self-monitoring and self-management of oral anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;4(4):CD003839. : doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD003839.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma P, Scotland G, Cruickshank M. et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pointof-care tests (CoaguChek system, INRatio2 PT/INR monitor and ProTime Microcoagulation system) for the self-monitoring of the coagulation status of people receiving long-term vitamin K antagonist therapy, compared with standard UK practice: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(48):1-172. doi: 10.3310/hta19480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma P, Scotland G, Cruickshank M. et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pointof-care tests (CoaguChek system, INRatio2 PT/INR monitor and ProTime Microcoagulation system) for the self-monitoring of the coagulation status of people receiving long-term vitamin K antagonist therapy, compared with standard UK practice: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(48):1-172. doi: 10.3310/hta19480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heneghan CJ, Garcia-Alamino JM, Spencer EA. Self-monitoring and self-management of oral anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7:CD003839. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003839.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heneghan CJ, Garcia-Alamino JM, Spencer EA. Self-monitoring and self-management of oral anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7:CD003839. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003839.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heneghan C, Ward A, Perera R. et al. Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2012;379(9813):322-34. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61294-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heneghan C, Ward A, Perera R. et al. Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2012;379(9813):322-34. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61294-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martsevich S.Y., Navasardyan A.R., Kutishenko N.P. et al. The assessment of compliance to the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation according to the PROFILE register. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(6):625-30. (In Russ.) [Марцевич С.Ю., Навасардян А.Р., Кутишенко Н.П. и соавт. Оценка приверженности к приему новых пероральных антикоагулянтов у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий по данным регистра ПРОФИЛЬ. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2014;10(6):625-30]. DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-6-625-630</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martsevich S.Y., Navasardyan A.R., Kutishenko N.P. et al. The assessment of compliance to the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation according to the PROFILE register. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(6):625-30. (In Russ.) [Марцевич С.Ю., Навасардян А.Р., Кутишенко Н.П. и соавт. Оценка приверженности к приему новых пероральных антикоагулянтов у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий по данным регистра ПРОФИЛЬ. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2014;10(6):625-30]. DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-6-625-630</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craig JA, Chaplin S, Jenks M. Warfarin monitoring economic evaluation of point of care self-monitoring compared to clinic settings. J Med Econ. 2014;17(3):184-90. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2013.877468</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craig JA, Chaplin S, Jenks M. Warfarin monitoring economic evaluation of point of care self-monitoring compared to clinic settings. J Med Econ. 2014;17(3):184-90. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2013.877468</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
