<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-2-153-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>HYPERURICEMIA AND ITS CORRELATES IN THE RUSSIAN POPULATION (RESULTS OF ESSE-RF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГИПЕРУРИКЕМИЯ И ЕЕ КОРРЕЛЯТЫ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ (РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЭССЕ-РФ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шальнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шальнова Светлана Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деев Александр Дмитриевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, руководитель лаборатории медицинской биостатистики</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артамонова Галина Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. отделом оптимизации медицинской помощи при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дупляков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duplyakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дупляков Дмитрий Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, зам. главного врача по медицинской части Самарского областного клинического кардиологического диспансера; доцент кафедры кардиологии и кардиохирургии Самарского Государственного медицинского университета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефанов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефанов Алексей Юрьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии с курсом эндокринологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жернакова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhernakova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жернакова Юлия Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конради</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konradi</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конради Александра Олеговна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научно-исследовательской работе, зав. научно-исследовательским отделом артериальных гипертензий</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Либис</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Libis</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Либис Роман Аронович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой госпитальной терапии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муромцева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muromtseva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муромцева Галина Аркадьевна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недогода</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedogoda</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недогода Сергей Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, проректор по лечебной работе, заведующий кафедрой терапии и эндокринологии Факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ощепкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oschepkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ощепкова Елена Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела регистров сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романчук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanchuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романчук Светлана Викторовна – кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ротарь</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rotar</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ротарь Оксана Петровна – кандидат медицинских наук, зав. лабораторией эпидемиологии артериальной гипертензии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титов Владимир Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тогузова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toguzova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тогузова Залина Асланбековна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней СОГМА; зав. кардиологическим отделением клинической больницы СОГМА</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубачева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubacheva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубачева Ирина Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отделения популяционной кардиологии с группой научно-медицинской информации, патентоведения и международных связей</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурменко</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Furmenko</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фурменко Галина Ивановна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхто</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyakhto</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шляхто Евгений Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boytsov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бойцов Сергей Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Государственного научно-исследовательского центра профилактической медицины, руководитель отдела клинической кардиологии и молекулярной генетики того же центра</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Сибирского отделения РАМН, Кемерово</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute  for Complex  Issues  of Cardiovascular  Diseases  under the Siberian  Branch  of the Russian  Academy of Medical  Sciences, Kemerovo</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara Region Clinical Cardiology Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский кардиологический научно-производственный  комплекс, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>8Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кардиологический диспансер г. Иваново</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ivanovo Municipal Cardiology Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Осетинская Государственная медицинская академия, Република Северная Осетия-Алания, Владикавказ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Ossetia State Medical Academy, Vladikavkaz</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии Сибирского отделения РАМН, Томск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Cardiology under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-13"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shalnova S.A., Deev A.D., Artamonov G.V., Duplyakov D.V., Efanov A.Y., Zhernakova Y.V., Konradi A.O., Libis R.A., Muromtseva G.A., Nedogoda S.V., Oschepkova E.V., Romanchuk S.V., Rotar O.P., Titov V.N., Toguzova Z.A., Trubacheva I.A., Furmenko G.I., Shlyakhto E.V., Boytsov S.A., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д., Артамонова Г.В., Дупляков Д.В., Ефанов А.Ю., Жернакова Ю.В., Конради А.О., Либис Р.А., Муромцева Г.А., Недогода С.В., Ощепкова Е.В., Романчук С.В., Ротарь О.П., Титов В.Н., Тогузова З.А., Трубачева И.А., Фурменко Г.И., Шляхто Е.В., Бойцов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalnova S.A., Deev A.D., Artamonov G.V., Duplyakov D.V., Efanov A.Y., Zhernakova Y.V., Konradi A.O., Libis R.A., Muromtseva G.A., Nedogoda S.V., Oschepkova E.V., Romanchuk S.V., Rotar O.P., Titov V.N., Toguzova Z.A., Trubacheva I.A., Furmenko G.I., Shlyakhto E.V., Boytsov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/16">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/16</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Russian regions, depending on the climatic, geographical, socio-demographic characteristics and some cardiometabolic risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Data from the ESSE-RF study from 10 regions of theRussian Federationare presented. All study participants were examined according to a uniform protocol. Measurements were standardized, biochemical tests were carried out in three Federal centers using the same methodology. The study was approved by independent Ethics committees, and all participants signed informed consent.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.8% (25.3% in men and 11.3% in women; p&lt;0.0001). Hyperuricemia incidence increases with age, does not depend on education, significantly associates with place of residence, elevated blood pressure, obesity and abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and diuretics taking. After adjustment for all factors included in the regression analysis, prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Ivanovo Region is 1.4 times higher than this in the reference region (Tyumen), while prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Samara Region and theRepublicofNorth Ossetia-Alaniais 30% and 40 % lower.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Prevalence of hyperuricemia inRussiais defined; regions with the highest and lowest prevalence are identified. Associations of hyperuricemia with some social and demographic characteristics as well as cardiovascular risk factors are revealed.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространенность  гиперурикемии  в регионах России в зависимости от климато-географических, социально-демографических показателей и некоторых кардиометаболических факторов риска</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Представлены данные, полученные в рамках исследования ЭССЕ-РФ из 10 регионов Российской Федерации. Все участники исследования обследовались по единому протоколу. Измерения были стандартизированы, биохимические анализы выполнялись в трех федеральных центрах по единой методике. Исследование было одобрено независимыми Этическими комитетами, и все участники подписали информированное согласие.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространенность гиперурикемии в целом составила 16,8%, в том числе 25,3% среди мужчин и 11,3% – среди женщин (р&lt;0,0001). Частота гиперурикемии увеличивается с возрастом, не зависит от образования, достоверно ассоциируется с местом жительства, повышенным артериальным давлением, ожирением и абдоминальным ожирением, потреблением алкоголя и приемом диуретиков. После коррекции на все включенные в регрессионный анализ факторы, оказалось, что гиперурикемия выявляется в Ивановской области в 1,4 раза чаще, чем в референсном регионе (Тюмень), а в Самарском регионе и республике Северная Осетия-Алания (СОА) – на 30% и 40% реже, иначе говоря, в этих регионах существует наименьшая  распространенность  повышенного уровня мочевой кислоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Определена распространенность гиперурикемии среди населения России и выявлены регионы с наибольшей и наименьшей ее распространенностью. Установлена ассоциация гиперурикемии с рядом социально-демографических показателей и факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочевая кислота</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uric acid</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang DH, Park SK, Lee IK, Johnson RJ. Uric acid-induced C-reactive protein expression: implication on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production of human vascular cells.J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:355362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang DH, Park SK, Lee IK, Johnson RJ. Uric acid-induced C-reactive protein expression: implication on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production of human vascular cells.J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:355362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ginsberg MH, Kozin F, O'Malley M, McCarty DJ. Release of platelet constituents by monosodium urate crystals. J Clin Investig 1977; 60:999-1007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginsberg MH, Kozin F, O'Malley M, McCarty DJ. Release of platelet constituents by monosodium urate crystals. J Clin Investig 1977; 60:999-1007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakagawa T, Mazzali M, Kang DH, et al. Uric acid-a uremic toxin? Blood Purif 2006; 24:67-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakagawa T, Mazzali M, Kang DH, et al. Uric acid-a uremic toxin? Blood Purif 2006; 24:67-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masuo K, Kawaguchi H, Mikami H, et al. Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension 2003; 42:474-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masuo K, Kawaguchi H, Mikami H, et al. Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension 2003; 42:474-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, et al. Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18:523-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, et al. Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18:523-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sundstrom J, Sullivan L, D'Agostino RB, et al. Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. Hypertension 2005; 45:28-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sundstrom J, Sullivan L, D'Agostino RB, et al. Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. Hypertension 2005; 45:28-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Leeuw PW, Thijs L, Birkenhäger WH, et al. Prognostic significance of renal function in elderly patients with isolated Systolic hypertension: Results from the Syst-eur trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13(9):2213-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Leeuw PW, Thijs L, Birkenhäger WH, et al. Prognostic significance of renal function in elderly patients with isolated Systolic hypertension: Results from the Syst-eur trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13(9):2213-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89:12-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89:12-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker JF, Krishnan E, Chen L, Schumacher HR. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease: recent developments, and where do they leave us? Am J Med 2005;118:816-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker JF, Krishnan E, Chen L, Schumacher HR. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease: recent developments, and where do they leave us? Am J Med 2005;118:816-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation 2007;116: 894-900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation 2007;116: 894-900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan E, BakerJF, FurstDE, SchumacherHR. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54: 2688-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan E, BakerJF, FurstDE, SchumacherHR. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54: 2688-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992. JAMA 2000; 283:2404-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992. JAMA 2000; 283:2404-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, et al. Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 2004;164: 1546-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, et al. Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 2004;164: 1546-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liese AD, Hense HW, Lowel H, et al. Asso¬ciation of serum uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and incident myocardial infarction in theMONICAAugsburg Cohort. Epidemiology 1999;10:391-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liese AD, Hense HW, Lowel H, et al. Asso¬ciation of serum uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and incident myocardial infarction in theMONICAAugsburg Cohort. Epidemiology 1999;10:391-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Levy D. Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: The Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:7-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Levy D. Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: The Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moriarity JT, Folsom AR, Iribarren C, et al. Serum uric acid and risk of coronary heart disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:136-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moriarity JT, Folsom AR, Iribarren C, et al. Serum uric acid and risk of coronary heart disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:136-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soltani Z, Rasheed R, Kapusta DR, Reisin E. Potential Role of Uric Acid in Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, Kidney Injury, and CardiovascularDiseases: Is It Time for Reappraisal? Curr Hypertens Rep 2013;15(3):175-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soltani Z, Rasheed R, Kapusta DR, Reisin E. Potential Role of Uric Acid in Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, Kidney Injury, and CardiovascularDiseases: Is It Time for Reappraisal? Curr Hypertens Rep 2013;15(3):175-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdurhman SAA. Hyperuricemia in Saudi Aradia. Rheumatol Int 2001; 20: 61-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdurhman SAA. Hyperuricemia in Saudi Aradia. Rheumatol Int 2001; 20: 61-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu, NF, Wang DJ, Liou SH, Shieh SM. Relationship between hyperuricemia and other cardiovascular risk factors among adults men in Taivan. Eur J Epidemol 200; 16: 13-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu, NF, Wang DJ, Liou SH, Shieh SM. Relationship between hyperuricemia and other cardiovascular risk factors among adults men in Taivan. Eur J Epidemol 200; 16: 13-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scientific Organizing Committee of the RF-ESSAY. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in different regions of Russia (ESSAY-RF). Rationale and study design. Preventive Medicine 2013; (6): 25-34. Russian (Научно-организационный комитет проекта ЭССЕ-РФ. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в различных регионах России (ЭССЕ-РФ). Обоснование и дизайин исследований. Профилактическая Медицина 2013; (6): 25-34).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scientific Organizing Committee of the RF-ESSAY. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in different regions of Russia (ESSAY-RF). Rationale and study design. Preventive Medicine 2013; (6): 25-34. Russian (Научно-организационный комитет проекта ЭССЕ-РФ. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в различных регионах России (ЭССЕ-РФ). Обоснование и дизайин исследований. Профилактическая Медицина 2013; (6): 25-34).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholls A, Snaith ML, Scott JT. Effect of oestrogen therapy on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Br Med J 1973; 1:449-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholls A, Snaith ML, Scott JT. Effect of oestrogen therapy on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Br Med J 1973; 1:449-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y, Bhavik J., Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of Gout and Hyperuricemia in the US General Population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism 2011;63(10): 3136-41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y, Bhavik J., Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of Gout and Hyperuricemia in the US General Population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism 2011;63(10): 3136-41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sari I, Akar S, Pakoz B, Sisman AR et al.Hyperuricemia and its related factors in urban population. Izmir, Turky. Rheumatol Int 2009; 29: 869-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sari I, Akar S, Pakoz B, Sisman AR et al.Hyperuricemia and its related factors in urban population. Izmir, Turky. Rheumatol Int 2009; 29: 869-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conen D, Wietlisbach V, Bovet P, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and relation of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country.BMC Public Health 2004; 25: 4-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conen D, Wietlisbach V, Bovet P, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and relation of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country.BMC Public Health 2004; 25: 4-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B, Wang T, Zhao HN et al. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China: a meta-ayalysis. BMC Oublic health 2011; 11: 832</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu B, Wang T, Zhao HN et al. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China: a meta-ayalysis. BMC Oublic health 2011; 11: 832</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu L, Cheng X, Wu J et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its retated risk factors in healthy aduts from Nothern and Northeastern Chinese provinces. BMC Public health 2013; 13: 664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu L, Cheng X, Wu J et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its retated risk factors in healthy aduts from Nothern and Northeastern Chinese provinces. BMC Public health 2013; 13: 664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazufumi N, Kunitoshi I, Taku I, et al.Hyperuricamia and cardiovascularrik factor clastering in a screened cohot in Okinava, Japan. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 227-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazufumi N, Kunitoshi I, Taku I, et al.Hyperuricamia and cardiovascularrik factor clastering in a screened cohot in Okinava, Japan. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 227-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda E, et al. Association between serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, and carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese individuals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:1038-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda E, et al. Association between serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, and carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese individuals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:1038-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi HK, Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemia. Am J Med 2007; 120:442-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi HK, Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemia. Am J Med 2007; 120:442-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobalava JD, Tolkacheva VV, Karaulova JL. Uric acid a marker and / or a new risk factor for cardiovascular complications? Russian Journal of Medicine 2002; (10):431-6. Russian (Кобалава Ж.Д., Толкачева В.В., Караулова Ю.Л. Мочевая кислота – маркер и/или новый фактор риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений? Русский Медицинский Журнал 2002;(10):431-6).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobalava JD, Tolkacheva VV, Karaulova JL. Uric acid a marker and / or a new risk factor for cardiovascular complications? Russian Journal of Medicine 2002; (10):431-6. Russian (Кобалава Ж.Д., Толкачева В.В., Караулова Ю.Л. Мочевая кислота – маркер и/или новый фактор риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений? Русский Медицинский Журнал 2002;(10):431-6).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C, Hsieh MC, Chang SJ. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:210-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C, Hsieh MC, Chang SJ. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:210-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osgood K, Krakoff J, Thearle M. Serum Uric Acid Predicts Both Current and Future Components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 11(3):157-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osgood K, Krakoff J, Thearle M. Serum Uric Acid Predicts Both Current and Future Components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 11(3):157-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanbay M, Segal M, Afsar B, et al. The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease. Heart 2013; 99(11):759-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanbay M, Segal M, Afsar B, et al. The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease. Heart 2013; 99(11):759-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob S. Patient with beer belly or hypertension. Check for a metabolic syndrome! MMW Fortschr Med 2005; 147:45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob S. Patient with beer belly or hypertension. Check for a metabolic syndrome! MMW Fortschr Med 2005; 147:45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reungjui S et al. Thiazide diuretics exacerbate fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2724-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reungjui S et al. Thiazide diuretics exacerbate fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2724-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Titov VN, Boitsov SA, Urazalin SF, et al. Relationship of uric acid in lipid metabolism in individuals with low and medium risk on a scale of SCORE. Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis 2013; (2): 31-9. Russian (Титов В.Н., Бойцов С.А., Уразалина С.Ф., и др. Взаимосвязь мочевой кислоты с показателями липидного обмена у лиц с низким и средним риском по шкале SCORE. Атеросклероз и Дислипидемия 2013; (2): 31-9)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titov VN, Boitsov SA, Urazalin SF, et al. Relationship of uric acid in lipid metabolism in individuals with low and medium risk on a scale of SCORE. Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis 2013; (2): 31-9. Russian (Титов В.Н., Бойцов С.А., Уразалина С.Ф., и др. Взаимосвязь мочевой кислоты с показателями липидного обмена у лиц с низким и средним риском по шкале SCORE. Атеросклероз и Дислипидемия 2013; (2): 31-9)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakagawa T,HuH, Zharikov S, et al.A causalrole for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 2006; 290: F625-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakagawa T,HuH, Zharikov S, et al.A causalrole for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 2006; 290: F625-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farquharson CA, Butler R, Hill A, et al. Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2002; 106:221-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farquharson CA, Butler R, Hill A, et al. Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2002; 106:221-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanbay M, Huddam B, Azak A, et al. A randomized study of allopurinol on endothelial function and estimated glomular filtration rate in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects with normal renal function. Clinical J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:1887-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanbay M, Huddam B, Azak A, et al. A randomized study of allopurinol on endothelial function and estimated glomular filtration rate in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects with normal renal function. Clinical J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:1887-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Gorgulu N, et al. Reduction of uric acid levels with allopurinol treatment improves endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol 2012; 77:275-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Gorgulu N, et al. Reduction of uric acid levels with allopurinol treatment improves endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol 2012; 77:275-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">HoWJ, TsaiWP, Yu KH, et al.Association between endothelial dysfunction and hyperuricaemia. Rheumatology 2010; 49:1929-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">HoWJ, TsaiWP, Yu KH, et al.Association between endothelial dysfunction and hyperuricaemia. Rheumatology 2010; 49:1929-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terawaki H, Nakayama M, Miyazawa E, et al. Effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular incidence among hypertensive nephropathy patients: the Gonryo study. Clinical and Exp Nephrol 2013;17(4):549-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terawaki H, Nakayama M, Miyazawa E, et al. Effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular incidence among hypertensive nephropathy patients: the Gonryo study. Clinical and Exp Nephrol 2013;17(4):549-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
