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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-1-77-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1622</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN THE RUSSIAN POPULATION USING THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW CITY AND MOSCOW REGION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С СЕМЕЙНОЙ ГИПЕРХОЛЕСТЕРИНЕМИЕЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОСКВЫ И МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>И. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергиенко Игорь Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, в.н.с., отдел проблем атеросклероза </p><p>121552, Москва, 3-я Черепковская ул., 15а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Sergienko – MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Department of Atherosclerosis </p><p>Tretya Cherepkovskaya ul. 15a, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аншелес</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ansheles</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аншелес Алексей Аркадьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел радионуклидной диагностики </p><p>121552, Москва, 3-я Черепковская ул., 15а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alexey A. Ansheles – MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Nuclear Medicine Department </p><p>Tretya Cherepkovskaya ul. 15a, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ansheles@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sergienko I.V., Ansheles A.A., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергиенко И.B., Аншелес А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergienko I.V., Ansheles A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1622">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1622</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To estimate the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a sample of Moscow city and Moscow region patients with hypercholesterolemia (HCh) based on lipid spectrum and instrumental methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included two samples of patients (age &gt;18 years), with total cholesterol (TCh) level ≥7.5 mmol/l and/or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level ≥4.9 mmol/l. First sample (n=60) was included to determine secondary hyperlipidemia frequency in newly diagnosed HCh, with measurement of thyroid hormone, glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Patients of the second sample (n=432) from Russian registry of FH (RuFH) were studied by drug therapy assessment, lipid profile measurements, calculation of FH probability according to Dutch and British criteria, carotids duplex scanning (CDS), cardiac perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using rest/stress protocol.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The incidence of secondary dyslipidemia due to diabetes or hypothyroidism in patients with severe HCh was 18.3%. Monotherapy with atorvastatin (34.2%) or rosuvastatin (31.8%), combined therapy with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs (24.4%) prevails in the structure of lipidlowering therapy in patients with severe HCh. The frequency of "definite" FH according to Dutch criteria in HCh patients was 15.3%, "probable" – 18.1%. Patients with definite FH diagnosis showed higher level of TCh (p&lt;0.001), LDL cholesterol (p&lt;0.001), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (p&lt;0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p=0.02), and triglycerides (p&lt;0.001). At that HDL cholesterol levels differed only in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. Patients with lipid-lowering therapy had significantly higher values of total stenosis percent, the number of plaques, intima-media complex thickness (p&lt;0.001). Patients with lipid-lowering therapy with a definite and probable FH diagnosis had significantly worse values of CDS parameters. CDS parameters correlated with age in both therapeutic groups, and with maximal TCh levels in history in lipid-lowering therapy group (p&lt;0.01). Patients with HCh and established ischemic heart disease showed higher frequency of positive exercise test result, higher values of left ventricle myocardial perfusion heterogeneity and defect severity parameters according to SPECT.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with severe HCh and suspected FH in Moscow city and region demonstrate satisfactory awareness, but low adherence to therapy, which is also extremely rarely sufficient to achieve target LDL levels and reduce coronary risks. This leads to early manifestations of atherosclerosis, including characteristic progressive impairments of myocardial perfusion. Despite the ongoing work on primary prevention, it is advisable to recommend sending such patients to specialized clinics for more qualified consultations and selection of optimal lipid-lowering therapy with mandatory further monitoring of its effectiveness.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить распространенность семейной гиперхолестеринемии (СГХС) в выборке пациентов Москвы и Московской области с гиперхолестеринемией (ГХС) на основании показателей липидного спектра, а также инструментальных методов обследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены две выборки пациентов старше 18 лет с уровнем общего холестерина (ОХС) ≥7,5 ммоль/л и/или холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности (ХС ЛПНП) ≥4,9 ммоль/л. Пациенты первой выборки (n=60) включены с целью определения частоты вторичных гиперлипидемий при впервые выявленной ГХС с измерением уровня гормонов щитовидной железы, глюкозы и гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c). У пациентов второй выборки (n=432) в рамках Российского регистра СГХС (РоСГХС) изучалась фармакотерапия, липидный профиль, расчет вероятности диагноза СГХС по критериям Голландских липидных клиник и Британским критериям (S. Broom), дуплексное сканирование сонных артерий, перфузионная однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография с нагрузочной пробой.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота встречаемости вторичных дислипидемий, обусловленных сахарным диабетом или гипотиреозом у пациентов с выраженной ГХС, составила 18,3%. В структуре гиполипидемической терапии у лиц с выраженной ГХС преобладает монотерапия аторвастатином (34,2%) или розувастатином (31,8%), комбинированная терапия статинами с другими гиполипидемическими препаратами (24,4%). Частота определенной СГХС по Голландским диагностическим критериям в исследуемой выборке пациентов с ГХС составила 15,3%, возможной – 18,1%. Пациенты с определенным диагнозом СГХС имели более высокий уровень ОХС (p&lt;0,001), ХС ЛПНП (p&lt;0,001), пропротеиновой конвертазы субтилизин-кексинового типа 9 (p&lt;0,001), более низкий уровень холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности (ХС ЛПВП; p=0,02) и триглицеридов (p&lt;0,001), при этом уровни ХС ЛПВП отличаются только в группе пациентов, находящихся на гиполипидемической терапии. Пациенты с ГХС, находящиеся на гиполипидемической терапии, имели более высокие значения суммарного процента стенозов, числа атеросклеротических бляшек, толщину комплекса интима-медиа (p&lt;0,001). Пациенты на гиполипидемической терапии с определенным и возможным диагнозом СГХС имеют статистически значимо худшие значения показателей дуплексного сканирования. Последние имеют прямые связи с возрастом у обеих терапевтических групп и со значением ОХС в анамнезе в группе пациентов на гиполипидемической терапии (p&lt;0,01). У пациентов с ГХС и установленной ишемической болезнью сердца выявлена более высокая частота положительной нагрузочной пробы, более высокие значения показателей неоднородности и тяжести нарушений перфузии миокарда левого желудочка.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пациенты с выраженной ГХС и подозрением на СГХС в исследуемом регионе характеризуются удовлетворительной информированностью, но низкой приверженностью к терапии, которая, к тому же, крайне редко оказывается достаточной для достижения целевых значений ХС ЛПНП и снижения риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Это приводит к ранним проявлениям атеросклероза, включая характерные прогрессирующие нарушения кровоснабжения миокарда. Несмотря на проводимую работу по первичной профилактике, целесообразно рекомендовать направление таких пациентов в специализированные клиники для получения более квалифицированных консультаций и подбора оптимальной гиполипидемической терапии с обязательным дальнейшим контролем ее эффективности.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семейная гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>гиполипидемическая терапия</kwd><kwd>дуплексное сканирование</kwd><kwd>однофотонная эмиссионная томография</kwd><kwd>перфузия миокарда.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>familial hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>lipid-lowering therapy</kwd><kwd>duplex scanning</kwd><kwd>single-photon emission tomography</kwd><kwd>myocardial perfusion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benn M., Watts G.F., Tybjaerg-Hansen A., Nordestgaard B.G. 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