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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-3-393-401</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ECONOMIC BURDEN OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ УЩЕРБ ОТ ГИПЕРХОЛЕСТЕРИНЕМИИ НА ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОМ УРОВНЕ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Концевая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kontsevaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., первый зам. директора по научной и аналитической работе,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Deputy Director for Scientific and Analytical Work,</p><p>Petroverigsky per., 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с., лаборатория экономического анализа эпидемиологических исследований и профилактических технологий, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Economic Analysis of Epidemiological Research and Preventive Technologies, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per., 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jbalanova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имаева</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imaeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с., отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per., 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худяков</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudyakov</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер, лаборатория экономического анализа эпидемиологических исследований и профилактических технологий, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Engineer, Laboratory of Economic Analysis of Epidemiological Research and Preventive Technologies, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per., 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель группы по экономике здравоохранения,</p><p>125009, Москва, ул. Тверская, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Health Economics and Outcomes Research Group,</p><p>Tverskaya ul. 22, Moscow, 125009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, Director,</p><p>Petroverigsky per., 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное Общество «Санофи Россия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Public Company “Sanofi Russia”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>393</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kontsevaya A.V., Balanova Y.A., Imaeva A.E., Khudyakov M.B., Karpov O.I., Drapkina O.M., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Концевая А.В., Баланова Ю.А., Имаева А.Э., Худяков М.Б., Карпов О.И., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kontsevaya A.V., Balanova Y.A., Imaeva A.E., Khudyakov M.B., Karpov O.I., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1695">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1695</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) is quite high in the Russian Federation (RF), and it is associated with clinical consequences and with potential economic impact. Impact includes not only cost of its correction, but also the cost of treatment of diseases and complications, as well as the deficiency of the gross domestic product (GDP).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Evaluation of economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population, including direct expenditures of the Health Care System as well as nondirect impact in common economy.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Prevalence of HCE in the RF was identified based on local published studies. Local statistical data (2016) on cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs), including Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), Myocardial Infarction and cerebral-vascular disease were included in the analysis. Population Attributive Risk (PAR) of HCE in CVDs has been extrapolated on all Russian population. Official statistics, parameters of Govern Guarantees Program of Free Medical Aid were used for modelling of direct and non-direct components of economic impact. Total amount of premature deaths with calculation of years of potential life lost until life expectation at 72 years was calculated. Economic impact due to premature CVDs mortality in economic activity age with consideration on ratio of employment have included GDP lost. Calculation of GDP lost also included monetary impact based on number of disability CVDs patients multiplied on GDP per capita in disability group.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Visits to policlinics of patients with CVDs and HCE had a first place among all calls for medical aid. In the same time, hospitalization required in higher expenditures (outpatients cost treatment expenditures were 2.43 billion RUR, in-patients treatment – 18.21 billion RUR). IHD with HCE was most expensive for direct expenditures in comparison with other CVD groups: more than 28.9 billion RUR per year, and with direct non-medical expenditures of 29.3 billion RUR in total. Years of potential life lost in economic active age were one million in total, 1.29 trillion RUR per year mostly due to indirect expenditures due to premature deaths in economy activity age (99% of impact). Total Economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population for all HCE are estimated as 1.295 trillion RUR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Total economic impact due to HCE in the RF is 1.5% of GDP (2016), 1.295 trillion RUR. Direct expenditures included Health Care System expenses; disability covering had 2.3% only. Main part of impact is economic lost due to premature mortality and decrease of labor productivity. HCE patients control at target levels with help of healthy lifestyle and adequate pharmaceutical therapy can decrease economic impact. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Распространенность гиперхолестеринемии (ГХС) в Российской Федерации достаточно высока, и ассоциирована с клиническими последствиями и потенциальным экономическим ущербом, включающим не только и не столько затраты на ее коррекцию, сколько расходы на лечение заболеваний и осложнений, а также недополучение внутреннего валового продукта (ВВП).</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить экономический ущерб от ГХС в российской популяции в 2016 г., включая прямые затраты системы здравоохранения и непрямые потери в экономике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Распространенность ГХС определена на основании отечественных популяционных исследований. В анализ включены российские статистические данные за 2016 г. по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям (ССЗ): ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), инфаркту миокарда, цереброваскулярным сосудистым заболеваниям (многие цереброваскулярные заболевания не атеросклеротического генеза). Определен популяционный атрибутивный риск ГХС в развитии ССЗ во всей российской популяции. Использованы данные официальной статистики, показатели Программы государственных гарантий бесплатного оказания гражданам медицинской помощи. Рассчитаны прямые и непрямые компоненты экономического ущерба от ГХС. Определено количество летальных исходов с расчетом «потерянных лет потенциальной жизни», недожитых до 72 летнего возраста. Потери, связанные с преждевременной смертностью в экономически активном возрасте, включали непроизведенный ВВП вследствие потерянных лет из-за смерти от ССЗ с учетом коэффициента занятости населения. Произведен расчет потерь ВВП вследствие инвалидности, исходя из числа лиц трудоспособного возраста со стойкой утратой трудоспособности в каждой из групп инвалидности и данных о ВВП на душу населения. Непрямые затраты из-за временной нетрудоспособности определены как выплаты заработной платы за дни нетрудоспособности, умноженные на количество дней по данным статистической Формы 16-ВН.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным расчетов среди обращений за медицинской помощью у больных ССЗ и ГХС на первом месте – амбулаторные, но по затратам системы здравоохранения – случаи госпитализации (затраты на оказание амбулаторной помощи 2,43 млрд руб, стационарной – 18,21 млрд, руб). В структуре нозологий наибольшие затраты приходятся на ИБС, ассоциированную с ГХС. Прямые медицинские затраты составляют свыше 28,9 млрд руб, а с добавлением прямых немедицинских затрат – более 29,3 млрд руб в год. Потерянные годы потенциальной жизни составили свыше 1 млн лет в экономически активном возрасте. Основной экономический ущерб – свыше 1,29 трлн руб – определяется непрямыми потерями в экономике, преимущественно потерями ВВП из-за преждевременной смертности в экономически активном возрасте (99% ущерба). Совокупный экономический ущерб от ГХС в РФ определен в 1,295 трлн руб.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Совокупный экономический ущерб от ГХС в РФ оставляет не менее 1,29 трлн руб в год, что эквивалентно 1,5% ВВП (2016 г.). Прямые затраты, включающие затраты системы здравоохранения и выплаты пособий по инвалидности, составили лишь 2,3% ущерба, в то время как 97,7% – это потери в экономике вследствие преждевременной смертности и снижения производительности труда. Ожидается, что достижение целевых уровней контроля ГХС с помощью здорового образа жизни и лекарственной терапии должно снизить экономический ущерб. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>экономический ущерб</kwd><kwd>затраты системы здравоохранения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>cardio-vascular diseases</kwd><kwd>economic burden</kwd><kwd>health care expenditures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oganov R.G., Kontsevaya A.V., Kalinina A.M. State Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Russian Federation. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2011;10(4):4-9. (In Russ.) [Оганов Р.Г., Концевая А.В., Калинина А.М. Экономический ущерб от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в Российской Федерации. 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