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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-5-747-756</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Orthostatic Hypotension: Definition, Pathophysiology, Classification, Prognostic Aspects, Diagnostics and Treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортостатическая гипотензия: определение, патофизиология, классификация, прогностические аспекты, диагностика и лечение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра факультетской терапии и профболезней, МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова; профессор, кафедра  клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней, Сеченовский университет.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1; 119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2, стр.4.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Faculty Therapy and Occupational Diseases, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Professor, Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Sechenov University.</p><p>Delegatskaya ul. 20-1, Moscow, 127473; Bolshaya Pirogovskaya ul. 2-4, Moscow, 119435.</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniaeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняева Марина Сергеевна – кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент, кафедра внутренних болезней и профилактической медицины.</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 19, стр. 1А.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina  S. Cherniaeva – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Internal Medicine and Preventive Medicine.</p><p>Marshala Timoshenko ul. 19-1A, Moscow, 121359.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Марина Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра поликлинической терапии, семейной медицины и здорового образа  жизни с курсом последипломного образования, КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina  M. Petrova – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Polyclinic Therapy, Family Medicine and Healthy Lifestyle with a Course of Postgraduate Education.</p><p>Partizana Zheleznyaka ul. 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головина Ольга Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент, кафедра клинической фармакологии и терапии, РМАПО.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Golovina – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy.</p><p>Barrikadnaya ul. 2/1-1, Moscow, 125993.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow  State University of Medicine and Dentistry; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow  State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>747</fpage><lpage>756</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ostroumova O.D., Cherniaeva M.S., Petrova M.M., Golovina O.V., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Черняева М.С., Петрова М.М., Головина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroumova O.D., Cherniaeva M.S., Petrova M.M., Golovina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1765">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1765</self-uri><abstract><p>The urgency of the problem of orthostatic hypotension (OH) has increased in recent years. It was due to the high prevalence and its adverse effect on the prognosis and  quality of life of patients, especially the elderly and  oldest old. The purpose of this review was to summarize the contemporary domestic and foreign literature data  about disease. The article presents an updated definition of OH, modern classification, pathophysiology, feature of the  course  of OH in the  elderly, recommendations for diagnosis and  treatment. Particular attention is paid to reviewing the  results of scientific research on the  influence of OH on the  risk of developing coronary  and  cerebrovascular events  and  overall mortality. OH is one  of the  forms  of orthostatic tolerance and diagnostic criteria were determined by the 2011 Consensus as a sustained fall of systolic blood pressure by at least 20 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg within 3 min of standing. The prevalence of OH ranges depending on the age of the patients and the presence of a number of concomitant diseases: from 6% in healthy people without arterial hypertension up to 50% or more in people older than 75 years with a comorbid pathology. OH is an independent predictor of overall mortality and adverse  cardiovascular events.  OH is associated with an increased risk of serious adverse  cerebrovascular and  coronary  events,  and  may also contribute to cognitive impairment and  the  development of dementia. For today, we have three  clinical options OH: classical, early and delayed OH. In addition, OH is classified based  on etiology – primary and secondary; and pathophysiological principle – neurogenic OH and not a neurogenic OH (or functional). The algorithm for identifying patients with a high risk of development of OH and diagnostic methods are also presented. Non-medicamentous and medicamentous methods of OH treatment are considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последние годы возросла актуальность  проблемы ортостатической гипотензии (ОГ), обусловленной ее высокой  распространенностью и неблагоприятным влиянием на прогноз и качество жизни пациентов, особенно, пожилого и старческого возраста. Целью настоящего обзора стало обобщение современных отечественных и зарубежных данных литературы о заболевании. В статье представлены обновленное определение ОГ, ее современная классификация, патофизиология, особенности течения  у пожилых  людей,  рекомендации по диагностике и лечению.  Особое  внимание уделено обзору  результатов научных исследований о влиянии ОГ на риск развития коронарных и цереброваскулярных событий и смерти от всех причин. ОГ является одной из форм ортостатической неустойчивости, диагностические критерии которой определены Консенсусом 2011 г. как устойчивое снижение систолического артериального давления на ≥20 мм рт.ст. и/или диастолического артериального давления на ≥10 мм рт.ст. в течение 3 мин после перехода в вертикальное положение (положение стоя) из положения лежа. Распространенность ОГ варьирует в зависимости от возраста пациентов и наличия  ряда  сопутствующих заболеваний: от 6%  у здоровых людей без артериальной гипертонии до 50% и более у лиц старше 75 лет с коморбидной патологией. ОГ является независимым предиктором смерти от всех причин и неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий.  ОГ ассоциируется с повышенным риском  серьезных неблагоприятных цереброваскулярных и коронарных событий, а также может способствовать нарушению когнитивных функций и развитию деменции. На сегодняшний день выделяют три клинических варианта ОГ: классическая, ранняя  и отсроченная ОГ. Кроме того, ОГ классифицируют по этиологическому признаку  – первичная и вторичная; и патофизиологическому – нейрогенная и не нейрогенная ОГ (или функциональная). Представлены алгоритм выявления пациентов с высоким  риском  развития ОГ и методы  диагностики ОГ. Рассмотрены немедикаментозные и медикаментозные методы лечения  ОГ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ортостатическая гипотензия</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые события</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>orthostatic hypotension</kwd><kwd>blood pressure</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular events</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freeman R., Wieling W., Axelrod F.B. et al. 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