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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-5-757-764</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1766</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Metabolic Syndrome: Development of the Issue, Main Diagnostic Criteria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Метаболический синдром: история  развития, основные критерии диагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkov</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беленков Юрий Никитич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy N. Belenkov – MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привалова Елена Витальевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра  госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Privalova – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплунова</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplunova</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплунова Вера Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera Y. Kaplunova – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizunario@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зекцер</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zektser</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зекцер Вита Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук,  ассистент, кафедра  госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vita Y. Zektser – MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградова Наталья Николаевна – врач-терапевт, оперативный отдел, ГКБ им. А.К. Ермишанцева.</p><p>129327, Москва, ул. Ленская, 15.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Vinogradova – MD, Therapist.</p><p>Lenskaya ul. 15,  Moscow, 129327.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильгисонис</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilgisonis</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильгисонис Ирина  Сергеевна – кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент, кафедра госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Ilgisonis – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакарьянц</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakaryants</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шакарьянц Гаянэ Андрониковна - кандидат медицинских наук,  ассистент, кафедра  госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gayane A. Shakaryants - MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевникова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожевникова Мария Владимировна - кандидат медицинских наук,  ассистент, кафедра  госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Kozhevnikova - MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лишута</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lishuta</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лишута Алексей Сергеевич – кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент, кафедра госпитальной терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Lishuta – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow  State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. А.К. Ерамишанцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after A.K. Yeramishantsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>757</fpage><lpage>764</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Belenkov Y.N., Privalova E.V., Kaplunova V.Y., Zektser V.Y., Vinogradova N.N., Ilgisonis I.S., Shakaryants G.A., Kozhevnikova M.V., Lishuta A.S., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беленков Ю.Н., Привалова Е.В., Каплунова В.Ю., Зекцер В.Ю., Виноградова Н.Н., Ильгисонис И.С., Шакарьянц Г.А., Кожевникова М.В., Лишута А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belenkov Y.N., Privalova E.V., Kaplunova V.Y., Zektser V.Y., Vinogradova N.N., Ilgisonis I.S., Shakaryants G.A., Kozhevnikova M.V., Lishuta A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1766">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1766</self-uri><abstract><p>Obesity is one of the leading and the most serious risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Overweight provokes many metabolic and hemodynamic disorders.  About 30% of inhabitants of the planet have overweight and prevalence of obesity increases by 10% every 10 years according to the WHO data.  The probability of arterial hypertension in obese  patients is 50% higher than in people with normal body mass. Framingham study showed that obesity is an independent, significant risk factor  of ischemic heart  disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke  and  diabetes mellitus. The most dangerous is the central obesity with the preferential fat deposition in the abdomen. Combination of visceral obesity, violation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, arterial hypertension, and close pathogenic relationship between these  factors  underlie the isolated symptom complex known  as metabolic syndrome. J. Vague was the first to describe relationship between abdominal obesity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 1947. In our country G.F. Lang noticed common combination of arterial hypertension with obesity, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Thus, metabolic syndrome significantly increases risk and  severity of cardiovascular disease. Within last decades criteria of metabolic syndrome stays constant. The factors  of insulin resistance and  endothelial dysfunction as stages of the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome have been  studied in detail. The mechanisms of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction are discussed in detail in this article as well as inflammatory markers and the significance of highly sensitive C-reactive protein.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из самых серьезных и распространенных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний является избыточная масса тела – ожирение, которое  приводит к многочисленным метаболическим и гемодинамическим расстройствам. По данным  ВОЗ около  30% жителей планеты  имеют  избыточную  массу  тела,  и численность людей,  страдающих ожирением, прогрессивно увеличивается каждые  10  лет на 10%. У лиц с ожирением вероятность развития артериальной гипертензии на 50% выше, чем у людей с нормальной массой  тела. Фремингемское исследование показало, что ожирение служит достоверным, независимым прогностическим фактором риска ишемической болезни сердца, инфаркта миокарда, мозгового инсульта, значительно увеличивает риск развития сахарного диабета. Особую опасность представляет центральный тип ожирения с преимущественным отложением жира в абдоминальной области. Частое сочетание висцерального ожирения, нарушений углеводного, липидного обмена и артериальной гипертензии, наличие тесной патогенетической связи между ними послужило основанием для выделения этих нарушений в самостоятельный симптомокомплекс – метаболический синдром. История изучения  метаболического синдрома начинается с 1947 г., когда J. Vague описал взаимосвязь абдоминального ожирения и сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемости и смертности. У нас в стране Г.Ф. Ланг в свое время отмечал частое сочетание артериальной гипертензии с ожирением и нарушениями липидного и углеводного обмена. Итак, наличие метаболического сндрома существенно увеличивает риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и более  тяжелое  их течение.  За последние несколько десятилетий формулировка критериев метаболического синдрома оставалась практически неизменной. Подробно исследованы факторы инсулинорезистентности и эндотелиальной дисфункции как этапов патогенеза метаболического синдрома. В данной статье рассмотрены детально механизмы инсулинорезистентности и эндотелиальной дисфункции, а также обсуждены маркеры воспаления и значимость метода высокочувствительного измерения С-реактивного белка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>С-реактивный белок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>C-reactive protein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диагностика и лечение метаболического синдрома, Российские рекомендации. 2-й пересмотр (2009). [Цитировано 10.10.2018]. 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