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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-5-785-789</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1769</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT QUESTIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ  ВОПРОСЫ  КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Anticoagulant Therapy in Difficult Patients with  Atrial Fibrillation: When the Risks of Embolism and Bleeding Are Comparable</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антикоагулянтная терапия у сложных пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий: когда риски эмболий и кровотечений сопоставимы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Напалков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Napalkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Напалков Дмитрий Александрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра  факультетской терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2, стр.4.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Napalkov – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Faculty Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya ul. 2-4, Moscow, 119435.</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dminap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Анастасия Андреевна – кандидат медицинских наук,  ассистент, кафедра  факультетской терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2, стр.4.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Sokolova – MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Faculty Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya ul. 2-4, Moscow, 119435.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габитова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabitova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габитова Мария Александровна – аспирант, кафедра факультетской терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2, стр.4.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariia A. Gabitova – MD, Post-Graduate Student, Chair of Faculty Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya ul. 2-4, Moscow, 119435.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уддин</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uddin</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уддин Луиза Насировна – аспирант кафедра  факультетской терапии №1, лечебный факультет.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2, стр.4.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luisa N. Uddin – MD, Post-Graduate Student, Chair of Faculty Therapy №1, Medical Faculty.</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya ul. 2-4, Moscow, 119435.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow  State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>785</fpage><lpage>789</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Napalkov D.A., Sokolova A.A., Gabitova M.A., Uddin L.N., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Напалков Д.А., Соколова А.А., Габитова М.А., Уддин Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Napalkov D.A., Sokolova A.A., Gabitova M.A., Uddin L.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1769">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1769</self-uri><abstract><p>This article affects  the problems of using NOAC in the most defenseless groups  of patients with atrial fibrillation: those  who have high bleeding and high thromboembolic risk and elderly. The focus is on comparison of effectiveness and safety of NOACs based  on randomized clinical trials (RCT) and real-world data (RWD). The possible reasons for the different interpretation of the data of the RCT and the RWD are shown. Use of NOAC in reduced doses prescribing according to RCT and RWD are shown. Our own 13-month observation of patients 75 years and older with very high thromboembolic risk (CHA2DS2-VASc – 4,5  points) on rivaroxaban therapy are presented. Good efficacy and  safety  of full and  reduced doses  of rivaroxaban were demonstrated: only 2 episodes of small bleedings and no large bleedings (ISTH criteria) were detected as well as no thromboembolic events.  Thus, even difficult patients with AF and comorbidity may be safely and effectively treated with NOACs taking into consideration integrated approach and correction of modifiable risk factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье затрагиваются вопросы  применения прямых оральных антикоагулянтов (ПОАК) у наиболее уязвимой группы пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП): при высоком  риске развития геморрагических и тромбоэмболических осложнений (ТЭО), а также у пожилых пациентов. Фокусируется внимание на сравнении эффективности и безопасности ПОАК, основанном на рандомизированных клинических исследованиях (РКИ) и данных реальной клинической практики (РКП). Показаны возможные причины различной интерпретации данных РКИ и РКП. Представлены результаты  применения сниженных  доз ПОАК как по данным  РКИ, так и различных ретроспективных исследований и регистров. Приводятся данные  собственного 13-месячного наблюдения за пожилыми (старше 75 лет) с высоким  риском развития ТЭО (CHA2DS2-VASc – 4,5 балла) на фоне приема ривароксабана. Была продемонстрирована хорошая эффективность и безопасность препарата как в сниженной, так и в полной  дозе:  за время  наблюдения было  зафиксировано лишь  2 малых  кровотечения, ни одного большого кровотечения (по критериям ISTH) и ни одного тромбоэмболического осложнения. Таким образом, даже самых сложных пациентов с ФП можно безопасно и эффективно вести на прямых антикоагулянтах, не забывая о необходимости комплексного подхода и обязательной коррекции модифицируемых факторов риска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>сложные  пациенты</kwd><kwd>пожилые пациенты</kwd><kwd>ривароксабан</kwd><kwd>варфарин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>difficult patients</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>rivaroxaban</kwd><kwd>warfarin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Connolly S.J., Ezekowitz M.D., Yusuf S., et al. RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. 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