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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-1-4-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Factors Associated with Cause-Specific Death in Russia. Data from Longitudinal Prospective Study 1977-2001</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы, ассоциированные с основными причинами смерти в России. Данные многолетнего проспективного исследования 1977-2001 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шальнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с., отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф-м.н., руководитель лаборатории биостатистики, отдел фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physics and Mathematics), Head of Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity,</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с., лаборатория экономического анализа эпидемиологических исследований и профилактических технологий, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний,</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Economic Analysis of Epidemiological Researches and Preventive Technologies, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jbalanova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shalnova S.A., Kapustina A.V., Deev A.D., Balanova Y.A., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С.А., Капустина А.В., Деев А.Д., Баланова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalnova S.A., Kapustina A.V., Deev A.D., Balanova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1852">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1852</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the associations between main risk factors (RF) with cause-specific death in cohorts of Russian men and women.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Data of a number of crossectional studies conducted in different years by unified base protocol had become the subjects for the study. A total of 12,497 men and 5,039 women aged 35-74 years, residents of Moscow and S-Petersburg (former Leningrad) cities at the moment of examination, were enrolled into the study. We analyzed 17 previously selected risk factors and their associations with cause-specific mortalities: coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), non-CVD, all causes. A total of 10,650 deaths were registered: 8,726 in men (for 10 years) and 1,924 – in women (for 20 years).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Men died more often from all the examined causes except for stroke, what was more typical to women. Mortality in men was associated with significantly larger number of RF than in women and correlations were stronger. In particular, smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.75-2.89; р=0.0001), high blood pressure (HR 1.78; 95%CI 1.43-2.22; р=0.0001) and history of CHD (HR 3.23; 95%CI 2.71- 3.84; р=0.0001) significantly increased CHD-related mortality in the men’s cohort but were much less significant for women. The total cholesterol level demonstrated significance in men but was not even selected in the model for women. The main RF for stroke-related mortality were smoking, high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation, while for non-cardiovascular mortality there was only one common factor – smoking. Factors associated with CVD and all-cause mortality were almost the same because CVD cover more than half in the all-cause mortality, however a larger number of predictors were reported in men.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained indicate: 1) considerably larger number of unfavorable risk factors in the men’s cohort, which significantly increased risk for death from any cause; 2) statistically more pronounced relation between risk factors and mortality rates in men as compared to women, especially note that mortality rates were followed up for 10 years in men and 20 years in women. It is obvious that successful prevention focused on risk factors must be gender-based. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияния основных факторов риска на смертность от различных причин в когортах российских мужчин и женщин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом послужили результаты исследований, проведенных в разные годы по единому протоколу. Всего в анализ включено 12497 мужчин и 5039 женщин 35-74 лет, проживающих на момент обследования в гг. Москве и Ленинграде. Анализировались 17 предварительно отобранных факторов риска (ФР) и их ассоциации со смертностью от различных причин: ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), инсульт, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ), не ССЗ и все причины. За время наблюдения за смертностью зарегистрировано всего 10650 смертей, 8726 у мужчин (за 10 лет) и 1924 у женщин (за 20 лет).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Мужчины умирают статистически значимо чаще от всех изучаемых причин, кроме инсульта, смерть от которого более характерна для женщин. Смертность у мужчин определяется значительно большим числом ФР, чем у женщин, и эта зависимость выражена сильнее. Так, курение (отношение рисков [ОР] 2,25; 95% доверительный интервал [95%ДИ] 1,75-2,89; р=0,0001), высокое артериальное давление (ОР 1,78; 95%ДИ 1,43-2,22; р=0,0001) и ИБС в анамнезе (ОР 3,23; 95%ДИ 2,71-3,84; р=0,0001) значительно увеличивают смертность от ИБС в мужской когорте, но менее значимы для женщин. Уровень общего холестерина был значимым для мужчин, но не для женщин. Для обоих полов общими ФР для смертности от инсульта были курение, высокое АД и фибрилляция предсердий, а для не сердечно-сосудистых причин общим было только курение. Факторы, формирующие смертность от ССЗ и всех причин, практически одни и те же в силу существенной доли ССЗ в структуре общей смертности, однако и в этом случае у мужчин регистрируется больше прогностически неблагоприятных факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют: 1) о значительно большем количестве прогностически неблагоприятных факторов риска у мужчин, которые существенно увеличивают в мужской когорте риск смертности по любой причине, кроме инсульта; 2) о статистически значимо более выраженной силе связи между факторами и смертностью у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами, особенно, если учитывать, что смертность наблюдалась среди мужчин в течение 10 лет, а среди женщин – 20 лет. Становится очевидным, что успешная профилактика, направленная на факторы риска, должна быть гендерной. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>смертность от всех причин</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cause-specific mortality</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shkolnikov V., Andreev E., McKee M., Leon D.A. Components and possible determinants of the decrease in Russian mortality in 2004-2010. Demographic Research. 2013;28(32):917-50. 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