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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-2-215-223</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cardiovascular medicine prices as an indicator of access to medicines and their rational use</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цены на сердечно-сосудистые лекарственные препараты как показатель доступности лекарств для их рационального использования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раззакова</surname><given-names>Ч. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razzakova</surname><given-names>C M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раззакова Чинара Маратовна - провизор-фармацевт, лаборант-исследователь.</p><p>420008, Республика Татарстан, Казань, Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chinara M. Razzakova - Pharmacist, Research Assistant, Research and Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine "Cochrane Russia".</p><p>Kremlyovskaya ul. 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chinara345@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиганшина</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziganshina</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиганшина Лилия Евгеньевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор.</p><p>420008, Республика Татарстан, Казань, Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya E. Ziganshina - MD, PhD, Director, Research and Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine "Cochrane Russia".</p><p>Kremlyovskaya ul. 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-образовательный центр доказательной медицины «Кокрейн Россия», Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Educational Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine "Cochrane Russia”,Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Razzakova C.M., Ziganshina L.E., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раззакова Ч.М., Зиганшина Л.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Razzakova C.M., Ziganshina L.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1917">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1917</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of cardiovascular medicine prices in 2011 and 2015 and to assess their availability and affordability as a basis for rational pharmacotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We conducted a comparative analysis of prices for cardiovascular medicines in 2011 and 201 5 in Kazan using the World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology, to assess medicines' availability and affordability to ensure their rational use. We studied availability and prices of 71 cardiovascular medicines in public and private pharmacies of the city of Kazan and analyzed procurement prices of these medicines in hospitals. Also we performed pharmacoeconomic cost-minimisation analysis for arterial hypertension pharmacotherapy in 2015. For each medicine, we analyzed the prices for the original brand drug and its lowest-priced generic. We compared medicine prices with international reference prices of 201 0 and 201 5, delivered by the Management Sciences for Health, by expressing them as median price ratio. Recording and analysis were performed using the standardized MS Excel WHO/HAI Workbook.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prices of generic medicines, both in the public and private sectors, decreased relative to reference prices in 2015 compared to 2011. In 201 1 one third of the medicines were purchased as original brands and in 201 5 almost all medicines were procured as generics with a fourfold decrease in prices. In 201 5, depending on the choice of the medicine the annual course of monotherapy of hypertension varied from 208 to 281 05 rubles.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Over the five years from 2011 to 2015, there was a general trend of price reduction for generic products relative to reference prices for cardiovascular medicines. But in order to provide rational pharmacotherapy, additional price studies and pharmacoeconomic analyzes are needed, taking into account the changing prices on the pharmaceutical market.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительный анализ цен на лекарственные препараты для лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в 2011 и 2015 гг для оценки их физической и ценовой доступности как основы рациональной фармакотерапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Мы провели сравнительный анализ цен на лекарственные средства для лечения заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы в 201 1 и 201 5 гг в городе Казань с использованием методологии Всемирной организации здравоохранения и Международной неправительственной организации «Программа действий за здоровье и здравоохранение» (HealthActionInternational, HAI) и (ВОЗ/HAI) для оценки доступности лекарств и обеспечения их рационального использования. Выявили наличие и цены 71 наименования лекарств в государственных и частных аптеках Казани и закупочные цены на эти же лекарства в стационарах. Также провели фармакоэкономическую оценку прямых затрат пациентов на лекарства для лечения артериальной гипертензии в 2015 г Для каждого наименования изучили цены на оригинальный брендовый препарат и его дженерический аналог по наименьшей цене. Цены на препараты сравнивали с международными референтными ценами за 2010 и 2015 гг из Международного указателя цен на лекарства организации «Науки управления для здравоохранения» (ManagementSciencesforHealth) и выражали в медианах отношение цен к референтным. Запись и анализ проводили с помощью стандартизированной MSExcel Рабочей Книги по методологии оценки доступности и ценообразования лекарственных средств ВОЗ/HAI.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Цены на дженерические препараты как в государственном, так и в частном секторах в 201 5 г снизились по сравнению с референтными ценами в 2011 г В 2011 г одна треть препаратов была закуплена в виде оригинальных брендов, а в 2015 г почти все лекарственные препараты были закуплены в виде дженериков с четырехкратным снижением цен. В 201 5 г в зависимости от выбора препарата стоимость годового курса монотерапии артериальной гипертензии варьировала от 208 до 281 05 руб.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. За пять лет, с 2011 г к 2015 г. в целом произошло снижение цен относительно референтных на дженерические препараты для лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Для обеспечения рациональной фармакотерапии необходимы дополнительные исследования цен и фармакоэкономические анализы с учетом меняющихся цен на фармацевтическом рынке.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цены на лекарства</kwd><kwd>доступность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>закупочная цена</kwd><kwd>аптека</kwd><kwd>ВОЗ/HAI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medicine prices</kwd><kwd>availability of medicines</kwd><kwd>procurement price</kwd><kwd>pharmacy</kwd><kwd>WHO/HAI</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron А.М., Ewen M., Ross-Degnan D., et al. Medicine prices, availability, and affordability in 36 developing and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373(9659):240-9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61762-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron А.М., Ewen M., Ross-Degnan D., et al. 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