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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-4-484-494</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-1999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Syndrome of Primary Myocardial Hypertrophy: Clinical and Morphological, Genetic Diagnostics and Comparison of Sarcomerial Variants of Cardiomyopathy and its Phenocopy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром первичной гипертрофии миокарда: клинико-морфологическая, генетическая диагностика и сопоставление саркомерных вариантов кардиомиопатии и ее фенокопий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благова Ольга Владимировна – д.м.н., профессор, кафедра факультетской терапии №1, Сеченовский Университет</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2l&gt; o:p&gt;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Blagova – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Faculty Therapy №1</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blagovao@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заклязьминская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaklyazminskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заклязьминская Елена Валерьевна – д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией медицинской генетики, РНЦХ им. акад.Б.В. Петровского</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2l&gt; o:p&gt;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Zaklyazminskaya – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Laboratory of Medical Genetics</p><p>Abrikosovsky per. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коган Евгения Александровна – д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой патологической анатомии им. акад. А.И. Струкова, Сеченовский Университет</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2l&gt; o:p&gt;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Kogan – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Chair of Pathological Anatomy n.a. Academician A.I. Strukov</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седов</surname><given-names>В. П</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Седов Всеволод Парисович – д.м.н., профессор, кафедра лучевой диагностики, Сеченовский Университет </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod P. Sedov – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Radiology</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджабова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzhabova</surname><given-names>G. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раджабова Гюльнара Магомедовна – врач-генетик, лаборатория медицинской генетики, РНЦХ им. акад.Б.В. Петровского</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara М. Radzhabova – MD, Geneticist, Laboratory of Medical Genetics</p><p>Abrikosovsky per. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляк</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyak</surname><given-names>M. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляк Маргарита Евгеньевна – врач-генетик, лаборатория медицинской генетики, РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2l&gt; o:p&gt;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita Е. Polyak – MD, Geneticist, Laboratory of Medical Genetics</p><p>Abrikosovsky per. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недоступ</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedostup</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недоступ Александр Викторович – д.м.н., профессор, н.с., научно-исследовательского отдела кардиологии, Сеченовский Университет</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Nedostup – MD, PhD, Professor, Researcher, Cardiology Research Department</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет).</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B.V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>484</fpage><lpage>494</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Blagova O.V., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Kogan E.A., Sedov V.P., Radzhabova G.М., Polyak M.Е., Nedostup A.V., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Благова О.В., Заклязьминская Е.В., Коган Е.А., Седов В.П., Раджабова Г.М., Поляк М.Е., Недоступ А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blagova O.V., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Kogan E.A., Sedov V.P., Radzhabova G.М., Polyak M.Е., Nedostup A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1999">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1999</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the nosological spectrum in the syndrome of primary left ventricle hypertrophy (PLVH) using morphological and genetic diagnostics and to compare the clinical course of true hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and its phenocopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Fifty five adult patients (29 men, 48.2±17.0 years) with PLVH (12 mm and more) were included. The exclusion criteria were athletic heart, hypertensive heart disease, severe valvular disease and other causes of secondary left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy. We performed 11 endomyocardial biopsy, 8 intraoperative biopsy, 1 study of explanted heart, 1 autopsy with virus investigation (real-time polymerase chain reaction) of the blood and myocardium. Mutational screening had included simultaneous sequencing of the MYBPC3, TAZ, TPM1, LDB3, MYL2, ACTC1, MYL3, MYH7, TNNI3 and TNNT2 genes based on NGS technology (Ion Torrent PGMTM) with following Sanger resequencing of potentially significant genetic variants. For patients with a phenotype of particular genetic syndrome the Sanger sequencing of target gene(s) for performed first. Clinical examination had included electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (by indication). The mean follow-up was 8 [3;32] month.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Isolated HCM was found in 28 patients, and 10 have a combination of HCM and noncompaction myocardium (NCM). Mutations in the MYH7 and MYBPC3 genes were detected in six cases. In 17 cases (30.9%) the non-sarcomeric causes of LVHS were detected. Three patients had Fabry disease, 2 ‒ had Danon disease, in 10patients we found amyloidoses, in 1 – Friedreich ataxia, and 1 patient was diagnosed with LEOPARD syndrome (all cases were confirmed by DNA diagnostics). Genotype-positive diagnosis was established in 23.6% of patients. In patients with HCM were significantly more frequent asymmetric septal hypertrophy with obstruction and muscle bridges, in other forms of primary hypertrophy – right ventricular hypertrophy, low QRS voltage, QS complexes and increasing of ejection fraction (EF) (55.7±12.5% vs 62.5±10.1% in HCM, p=0.08). The morphologic signs of myocarditis were in 46.7% of patients with HCM detected: in 3 patients with NCM and in 4 patients with isolated HCM. The viral genome in the myocardium was in 11 patients with HCM (73.3%) detected, previously human herpes virus type 6 (it was correlation with myocarditis) and parvovirus B19. Eleven patients died due to a stroke/heart failure without no significant differences between patients with HCM and phenocopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The spectrum of causes of the primary left ventricular hypertrophy is very wide. The frequency of myocarditis associated with sarcomeric HCM was 46.7%. When lower EF and heart failure in patients with HCM can be result of myocarditis, in patients with storage disease they are the result of disease itself.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить нозологический спектр при синдроме первичной гипертрофии миокарда левого желудочка (ПГЛЖ) с применением морфологической и генетической диагностики и сопоставить клиническое течение истинной гипертрофической кардиомиопатии (ГКМП) и ее фенокопий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 55 больных (29 мужчин, средний возраст 48,2±17,0 лет) с синдромом ПГЛЖ (от 12 мм и более). Критериями исключения были спортивное, гипертоническое сердце, пороки сердца и другие причины вторичной гипертрофии левого желудочка (ЛЖ). Проведено 11 эндомиокардиальных биопсий, 8 интраоперационных биопсий, 1 исследование эксплантированного сердца, 1 аутопсия с вирусологическим исследованием (полимеразная цепная реакция в реальном времени) крови и миокарда. Основная часть пациентов (n=45) консультирована генетиком. Генетический скрининг включал одновременное секвенирование NGS (Ion Torrent) генов MYBPC3, TAZ, TPM1, LDB3, MYL2, ACTC1, MYL3, MYH7, TNNI3 и TNNT2 с подтверждением выявленных вариантов капиллярным секвенированием по Сенгеру. При клиническом подозрении на конкретный генетический синдром вначале проводилась прямая ДНК-диагностика мутаций в соответствующем гене. Клиническое обследование включало электрокардиографию, холтеровское мониторирование, эхокардиографию, коронарографию, компьютерную/магнитно-резонансную томографию (по показаниям). Средний срок наблюдения составил 8 [3;32] мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 28 пациентов диагностирована изолированная ГКМП, еще у 10 – ее сочетание с некомпактным миокардом (НКМ). Мутации в генах MYH7 и MYBPC3 обнаружены у 6 больных. В 17 случаях (30,9%) диагностированы несаркомерные причины ПГЛЖ. У 3 пациентов диагностирована болезнь Фабри, у 2 – болезнь Данона, у 10 – амилоидоз, у 1 – атаксия Фридрейха, у 1 – синдром LEOPARD (мутации в генах GLA, LAMP, TTR, FXN, PTPN11). Нозологический диагноз подтвержден генетически у 23,6% больных. У пациентов с ГКМП статистически значимо чаще встречалась асимметричная гипертрофия перегородки с обструкцией и мышечными мостиками, при других формах первичной гипертрофии ‒ гипертрофия правого желудочка, снижение вольтажа QRS, комплексы QS и более низкая фракция выброса (55,7±12,5% против 62,5±10,1% при ГКМП; р=0,08). Морфологические признаки миокардита выявлены у 46,7% пациентов с ГКМП: у 3 больных – с НКМ и у 4 – с изолированной ГКМП. Вирусный геном в миокарде обнаружен у 11 пациентов с ГКМП (73,3%), в основном – вирус герпеса человека 6 типа (имелась корреляция с миокардитом) и парвовирус B19. Умерли 11 больных (от инсульта/сердечной недостаточности) без достоверных различий между пациентами с ГКМП и фенокопиями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Спектр причин первичной гипертрофии левого желудочка очень широк. Частота миокардита, связанного с истинной ГКМП, составила 46,7%. Если снижение сократимости миокарда (фракции выброса) у пациентов с ГКМП может быть следствием миокардита, то у пациентов с фенокопиями оно обычно является результатом самого заболевания.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная гипертрофия миокарда</kwd><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>биопсия миокарда</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>амилоидоз</kwd><kwd>болезнь Фабри</kwd><kwd>болезнь Данона</kwd><kwd>атаксия Фридрейха</kwd><kwd>синдром LEOPARD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary myocardial hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>myocardial biopsy</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>amyloidosis</kwd><kwd>Fabry disease</kwd><kwd>Danone's disease</kwd><kwd>Friedreich's ataxia</kwd><kwd>LEOPARD syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marian A.J., Braunwald E. 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