<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2020-05-02</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2196</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIVE CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Angiogenesis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Focus on Endothelial Vascular Growth Factor, Pentraxin-3 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ангиогенез у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью: фокус на эндотелиальный фактор роста сосудов, пентраксин-3 и трансформирующий фактор роста бета</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шепель</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shepel</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шепель Руслан Николаевич - научный сотрудник, отдел фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения; начальник отдела организационно-методического управления и анализа качества медицинской помощи, НМИЦ ТПМ.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский переулок, 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan N. Shepel - MD, Researcher, Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity; Head of Department of Management and Analysis of Medical Care; Assistant Director for Regional Development, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r.n.shepel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор НМИЦ ТПМ.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский переулок, 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana M. Drapkina - MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>439</fpage><lpage>448</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shepel R.N., Drapkina O.M., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шепель Р.Н., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shepel R.N., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2196">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2196</self-uri><abstract><p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is considered the leading cause of death in patients with established cardiovascular (CVD) and metabolic diseases. Although the current treatment strategy has improved survival and clinical outcomes, the prevalence of CHF shows an increase. Current clinical guidelines for the treatment and prevention of CVD note the role of biological markers as a fairly simple and powerful tool for diagnosing, stratifying risk and predicting CHF. However, it is unclear whether all of these biological markers are equally capable of predicting cardiovascular mortality and heart failure related outcomes in patients with acute and chronic heart failure, as well as in different phenotypes of heart failure. However, the results of numerous studies demonstrate scientific interest in the processes of angiogenesis among patients with CHF. There is an impressive body of evidence linking CHF to the level of markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor, pentraxin-3, and transforming growth factor beta. The review presents the data of domestic and foreign clinical studies devoted to the study of the level of angiogenesis markers among patients with CHF.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) считается основной причиной смерти у пациентов с установленными сердечно-сосудистыми (ССЗ) и метаболическими заболеваниями. Хотя существующая стратегия лечения позволила улучшить выживаемость и клинические исходы, распространенность ХСН демонстрирует рост. В современных клинических руководствах по лечению и профилактике ССЗ отмечается роль биологических маркеров как довольно простого и мощного инструмента диагностики, стратификации риска и прогнозирования ХСН. Тем не менее, неясно, способны ли все эти биологические маркеры в равной степени предсказать смертность от ССЗ и связанные с сердечной недостаточностью исходы у пациентов с острой и хронической сердечной недостаточностью, а также при различных фенотипах сердечной недостаточности. Вместе с тем результаты многочисленных исследований демонстрируют научный интерес к процессам ангиогенеза среди пациентов с ХСН. Существует внушительная доказательная база, свидетельствующая о связи ХСН с уровнем таких маркеров, как сосудистый эндотелиальный фактор роста, пентраксин-3 и трансформирующий фактор роста бета. В обзоре представлены данные отечественных и зарубежных клинических исследований, посвященных изучению уровня маркеров ангиогенеза среди пациентов с ХСН.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальный фактор роста сосудов</kwd><kwd>пентраксин-3</kwd><kwd>трансформирующий фактор роста бета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>endothelial vascular growth factor</kwd><kwd>pentraxin-3</kwd><kwd>transforming growth factor beta</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponikowski P., Anker S.D., AlHabib K.F., et al. Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. ESC Heart Failure. 2014;1:4-25. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponikowski P., Anker S.D., AlHabib K.F., et al. Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. ESC Heart Failure. 2014;1:4-25. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savarese G., Lund L.H. Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3(1):7-11. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2016:25:2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savarese G., Lund L.H. Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3(1):7-11. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2016:25:2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терещенко С.Н., Жиров И.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: новые вызовы и новые перспективы. Терапевтический Архив. 2017;89(9):4-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tereshchenko S.N., ZHirov I.V. Chronic heart failure: New challenges and new perspectives. Ter Arkhiv. 2017;89(9):4-9 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mozaffarian D., Benjamin E.J., Go A.S., et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics., 2016 Update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozaffarian D., Benjamin E.J., Go A.S., et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics., 2016 Update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlmeier C., Mikolajczyk R., Frick J., et al. Incidence, prevalence and 1-year all-cause mortality of heart failure in Germany: a study based on electronic healthcare data of more than six million persons. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104:688-96. DOI:10.1007/s00392-015-0841-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohlmeier C., Mikolajczyk R., Frick J., et al. Incidence, prevalence and 1-year all-cause mortality of heart failure in Germany: a study based on electronic healthcare data of more than six million persons. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104:688-96. DOI:10.1007/s00392-015-0841-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarrinkoub R., Wettermark B., Wandell P., et al. The epidemiology of heart failure based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:995-1002. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarrinkoub R., Wettermark B., Wandell P., et al. The epidemiology of heart failure based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:995-1002. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buja A., Solinas G., Visca M., et al. Prevalence of heart failure and adherence to process indicators: which sociodemographic determinants are involved? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13:238. DOI:10.3390/ijerph13020238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buja A., Solinas G., Visca M., et al. Prevalence of heart failure and adherence to process indicators: which sociodemographic determinants are involved? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13:238. DOI:10.3390/ijerph13020238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakata Y., Shimokawa H. Epidemiology of heart failure in Asia. Circ J. 2013;77:2209-17. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-13-0971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakata Y., Shimokawa H. Epidemiology of heart failure in Asia. Circ J. 2013;77:2209-17. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-13-0971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu S.S., Kong L.Z., Gao R.L., et al. Outline of the report on cardiovascular disease in China, 2010. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012;25:251-6. DOI:10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu S.S., Kong L.Z., Gao R.L., et al. Outline of the report on cardiovascular disease in China, 2010. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012;25:251-6. DOI:10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y.N., Ma Y.T., Liu F., et al. Incidence and distributing feature of chronic heart failure in adult population of Xinjiang. Abstract. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2010;38:460-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y.N., Ma Y.T., Liu F., et al. Incidence and distributing feature of chronic heart failure in adult population of Xinjiang. Abstract. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2010;38:460-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okamoto H., Kitabatake A. The epidemiology of heart failure in Japan. Nihon Rinsho. 2003;61:709-14. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02447.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okamoto H., Kitabatake A. The epidemiology of heart failure in Japan. Nihon Rinsho. 2003;61:709-14. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02447.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okura Y., Ramadan M.M., Ohno Y., et al. Impending epidemic: future projection of heart failure in Japan to the year 2055. Circ J. 2008;72:489-91. DOI:10.1253/circj.72.489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okura Y., Ramadan M.M., Ohno Y., et al. Impending epidemic: future projection of heart failure in Japan to the year 2055. Circ J. 2008;72:489-91. DOI:10.1253/circj.72.489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishi M., Ishida J., Springer J., et al. Heart failure epidemiology and novel treatments in Japan: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Failure. 2016;3:145-51. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishi M., Ishida J., Springer J., et al. Heart failure epidemiology and novel treatments in Japan: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Failure. 2016;3:145-51. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam CSP. Heart failure in Southeast Asia: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Failure. 2015;2:46-49. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam CSP. Heart failure in Southeast Asia: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Failure. 2015;2:46-49. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.12036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahle B.W., Owen A.J., Mutowo M.P., et al. Prevalence of heart failure in Australia: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:32. DOI:10.1186/s12872-016-0208-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahle B.W., Owen A.J., Mutowo M.P., et al. Prevalence of heart failure in Australia: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:32. DOI:10.1186/s12872-016-0208-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что сегодня мы знаем и что должны делать. Российский Кардиологический Журнал. 2016;8(136):7-13. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-8-7-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin I.V. Chronic heart failure in Russian Federation: what do we know and what to do. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;(8):7-13 (In Russ.). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-8-7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терещенко С.Н., Жиров И.В., Нарусов О.Ю., и др. Диагностика и лечение хронической и острой сердечной недостаточности. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиологический Вестник. 2016;2:3-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tereshchenko S.N., Zhirov I.V., Narusov O.Yu., et al. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and acute heart failure. Cardiologicheskii Vestnik. 2016;2:3-33 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieminen M.S., Brutsaert D., Dickstein K., et al. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2725-36. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieminen M.S., Brutsaert D., Dickstein K., et al. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2725-36. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crespo-Leiro M.G., Anker S.D., Maggioni A.P., et al. European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:613-25. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crespo-Leiro M.G., Anker S.D., Maggioni A.P., et al. European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:613-25. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youn Y.J., Yoo B.S., Lee J.W., et al. Treatment performance measures affect clinical outcomes in patients with acute systolic heart failure: report from the Korean Heart Failure Registry. Circ J. 2012;76:1151-58. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-11-1093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youn Y.J., Yoo B.S., Lee J.W., et al. Treatment performance measures affect clinical outcomes in patients with acute systolic heart failure: report from the Korean Heart Failure Registry. Circ J. 2012;76:1151-58. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-11-1093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsuchihashi-Makaya M., Hamaguchi S., Kinugawa S., et al. JCARE-CARD Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with heart failure and reduced vs preserved ejection fraction. Report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD). Circ J. 2009;73:1893-900. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsuchihashi-Makaya M., Hamaguchi S., Kinugawa S., et al. JCARE-CARD Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with heart failure and reduced vs preserved ejection fraction. Report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD). Circ J. 2009;73:1893-900. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teng T.H., Katzenellenbogen J.M., Hung J., et al. Rural-urban differentials in 30-day and 1-year mortality following first-ever heart failure hospitalisation in Western Australia: a populationbased study using data linkage. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004724. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teng T.H., Katzenellenbogen J.M., Hung J., et al. Rural-urban differentials in 30-day and 1-year mortality following first-ever heart failure hospitalisation in Western Australia: a populationbased study using data linkage. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004724. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLean A.S., Eslick G.D., Coats A.J. The epidemiology of heart failure in Australia. Int J Cardiol. 2007;118:370-4. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLean A.S., Eslick G.D., Coats A.J. The epidemiology of heart failure in Australia. Int J Cardiol. 2007;118:370-4. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart S., Ekman I., Ekman T., et al. Population impact of heart failure and the most common forms of cancer: a study of 1 162 309 hospital cases in Sweden (1988 to 2004). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:573-80. DOI:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart S., Ekman I., Ekman T., et al. Population impact of heart failure and the most common forms of cancer: a study of 1 162 309 hospital cases in Sweden (1988 to 2004). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:573-80. DOI:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawkins N.M., Petrie М.С., Jhund S.P., et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009;11:130-9. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawkins N.M., Petrie М.С., Jhund S.P., et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009;11:130-9. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2163-96. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2163-96. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В. Артериальная гипертония в Российской Федерации – последние 10 лет. Что дальше? Сердце. 2007;6(3):1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin I.V. Hypertension in the Russian Federation - the last ten years. What’s next? Heart 2007;3:120-2 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В. Эпидемиология хронической сердечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации. В: Агеев Ф.Т., Арутюнов Г.П., Беленков Ю.Н., и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа.; 2010: С.7-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin I.V. Epidemiology of chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation. In: Ageev F.T., Arutyunov G.P., Belenkov Yu.N., et al. Chronic heart failure. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2010: P.7-77 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziaeian B., Fonarow G.C. Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(6):368-78. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziaeian B., Fonarow G.C. Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(6):368-78. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarrinkoub R., Wettermark B., Wändell P., et al. The epidemiology of heart failure based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:995-1002. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarrinkoub R., Wettermark B., Wändell P., et al. The epidemiology of heart failure based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:995-1002. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moran A.E., Forouzanfar M.H., Roth G.A., et al. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129:1493-501. DOI:10.4103/1735-1995.172832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moran A.E., Forouzanfar M.H., Roth G.A., et al. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129:1493-501. DOI:10.4103/1735-1995.172832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerber Y., Weston S.A., Redfield M.M., et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County., Minnesota., 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:996-1004. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerber Y., Weston S.A., Redfield M.M., et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County., Minnesota., 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:996-1004. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponikowski P., Voors A.A., Anker S.D., et al. Authors/Task Force Members. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129-200. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponikowski P., Voors A.A., Anker S.D., et al. Authors/Task Force Members. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129-200. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lähteenvuo J., Rosenzweig A. Effects of aging on angiogenesis. Circ Res. 2012;110(9):1252-64. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lähteenvuo J., Rosenzweig A. Effects of aging on angiogenesis. Circ Res. 2012;110(9):1252-64. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin S., Patterson C. The opening act: Vasculogenesis and the origins of circulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:623-9. DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin S., Patterson C. The opening act: Vasculogenesis and the origins of circulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:623-9. DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomes F.G., Nedel F., Alves A.M., et al. Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis: tumor/endothelial crosstalk and cellular/microenvironmental signaling mechanisms. Life Sci. 2013;92(2):101-7. DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomes F.G., Nedel F., Alves A.M., et al. Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis: tumor/endothelial crosstalk and cellular/microenvironmental signaling mechanisms. Life Sci. 2013;92(2):101-7. DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколов Д.И. Васкулогенез и ангиогенез в развитии плаценты. Журнал Акушерства и Женских Болезней. 2007;3:129-133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolov D.I. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in development of a placenta. Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases. 2007;3:129-33 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Z., Okutsu M., Akhtar Y., Lira V. Regulation of exercise-induced fiber type transformation., mitochondrial biogenesis., and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110:264-74. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00993.2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Z., Okutsu M., Akhtar Y., Lira V. Regulation of exercise-induced fiber type transformation., mitochondrial biogenesis., and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110:264-74. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00993.2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khurana R., Simons M., Martin J.F., Zachary I.C. Role of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease: a critical appraisal. Circulation. 2005;112(12):1813-24. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.535294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khurana R., Simons M., Martin J.F., Zachary I.C. Role of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease: a critical appraisal. Circulation. 2005;112(12):1813-24. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.535294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malassine A., Frendo J.L., Evain-Brion D. A comparison of placental development and endocrine functions between the human and mouse model. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9(6):531-9. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmg043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malassine A., Frendo J.L., Evain-Brion D. A comparison of placental development and endocrine functions between the human and mouse model. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9(6):531-9. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmg043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castellucci M., Kosanke G., Verdenelli F., et al. Villous sprouting: fundamental mechanisms of human placental development. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(5):485-94. DOI:10.1093/humupd/6.5.485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castellucci M., Kosanke G., Verdenelli F., et al. Villous sprouting: fundamental mechanisms of human placental development. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(5):485-94. DOI:10.1093/humupd/6.5.485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gogiraju R., Bochenek M.L., Schäfer K. Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;6:20. DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gogiraju R., Bochenek M.L., Schäfer K. Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;6:20. DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tromp J., Khan M.A., Klip I.T., et al. Biomarker Profiles in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):pii e003989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tromp J., Khan M.A., Klip I.T., et al. Biomarker Profiles in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):pii e003989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morine KJ., Paruchuri V., Qiao X., et al. Circulating Multimarker Profile of Patients with Symptomatic Heart Failure Supports Enhanced Fibrotic Degradation and Decreased Angiogenesis. Biomarkers. 2016;21(1):91-7. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.116.003989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morine KJ., Paruchuri V., Qiao X., et al. Circulating Multimarker Profile of Patients with Symptomatic Heart Failure Supports Enhanced Fibrotic Degradation and Decreased Angiogenesis. Biomarkers. 2016;21(1):91-7. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.116.003989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamura T., Funayama H., Kubo N., et al. Elevation of plasma placental growth factor in the patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:186-91. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamura T., Funayama H., Kubo N., et al. Elevation of plasma placental growth factor in the patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:186-91. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arakawa H., Ikeda U., Hojo Y., et al. Decreased serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure. Heart. 2003;89(2):207-208. DOI:10.1136/heart.89.2.207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arakawa H., Ikeda U., Hojo Y., et al. Decreased serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure. Heart. 2003;89(2):207-208. DOI:10.1136/heart.89.2.207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iguchi M., Ura S., Masunaga N., et al. Relationship Between VEGF-C Levels and All-cause Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Eur Cardiol. 2018;13(2):129. DOI:10.15420/ecr.2018.13.2.PO10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iguchi M., Ura S., Masunaga N., et al. Relationship Between VEGF-C Levels and All-cause Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Eur Cardiol. 2018;13(2):129. DOI:10.15420/ecr.2018.13.2.PO10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borné Y., Gränsbo K., Nilsson J., et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D., Pulmonary Congestion., and Incidence of Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;71(5):580-2. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borné Y., Gränsbo K., Nilsson J., et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D., Pulmonary Congestion., and Incidence of Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;71(5):580-2. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arsic N., Zacchigna S., Zentilin L., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. Mol Ther. 2004;10(5):844-54. DOI:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.08.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsic N., Zacchigna S., Zentilin L., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. Mol Ther. 2004;10(5):844-54. DOI:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.08.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng D., Rodriguez R.M., Perkett E.A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in pleural fluid. Chest 1999;116:760-5. DOI:10.1378/chest.116.3.760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng D., Rodriguez R.M., Perkett E.A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in pleural fluid. Chest 1999;116:760-5. DOI:10.1378/chest.116.3.760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тепляков А.Т., Гракова Е.В., Калюжин В.В., и др. Новые возможности в диагностике декомпенсированной сердечной недостаточности: клиническое значение факторов роста VEGF, PDGF-AB, FGF basic, тканевого ингибитора матриксных металлопротеиназ 1 и липопротеинассоциированной фосфолипазы А2. Сибирский Медицинский Журнал. 2015;30(2):50-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplyakov A.T., Grakova E.V., Kalyuzhin V.V., et al. New opportunities for acute decompensated heart failure diagnostics and clinical value of growth factors: VEGF, PDGF-AB, FGF basic, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Sib Med J. 2015;30(2):50-60 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Sales V., Sánchez-Lázaro I., Vila V., et al. Circulating endothelial cells in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Dis Markers. 2011;31(2):75-82. DOI:10.3233/DMA-2011-0801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Sales V., Sánchez-Lázaro I., Vila V., et al. Circulating endothelial cells in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Dis Markers. 2011;31(2):75-82. DOI:10.3233/DMA-2011-0801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erturk I., Saglam K., Elasan S., et al. Evaluation of the effects of different treatment modalities on angiogenesis in heart failure patients with reduced/mid-range ejection fraction via VEGF and sVEGFR-1. Saudi Med J. 2018;39(10):1028-34. DOI:10.15537/smj.2018.10.22946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erturk I., Saglam K., Elasan S., et al. Evaluation of the effects of different treatment modalities on angiogenesis in heart failure patients with reduced/mid-range ejection fraction via VEGF and sVEGFR-1. Saudi Med J. 2018;39(10):1028-34. DOI:10.15537/smj.2018.10.22946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Small H.Y., Montezano A.C., Rios F.J., et al. Hypertension due to antiangiogenic cancer therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: understanding and managing a new syndrome. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30:534-43. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.02.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Small H.Y., Montezano A.C., Rios F.J., et al. Hypertension due to antiangiogenic cancer therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: understanding and managing a new syndrome. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30:534-43. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.02.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu D., Song J., Ji X., et al. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms on VEGFA and VEGFR2 With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(19):e3413. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000003413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu D., Song J., Ji X., et al. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms on VEGFA and VEGFR2 With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(19):e3413. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000003413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nako H., Kataoka K., Koibuchi N., et al. Novel mechanism of angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury in hypertensive rats: the critical role of ASK1 and VEGF. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:194-200. DOI:10.1038/hr.2011.175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nako H., Kataoka K., Koibuchi N., et al. Novel mechanism of angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury in hypertensive rats: the critical role of ASK1 and VEGF. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:194-200. DOI:10.1038/hr.2011.175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu X.H., Xu J., Xue L., et al. VEGF attenuates development from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure after aortic stenosis through mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and cardiomyocyte proliferation. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;6:54. DOI:10.1186/1749-8090-6-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu X.H., Xu J., Xue L., et al. VEGF attenuates development from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure after aortic stenosis through mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and cardiomyocyte proliferation. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;6:54. DOI:10.1186/1749-8090-6-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruixing Y., Dezhai Y., Hai W., et al. Intramyocardial injection of vascular endothelial growth factor gene improves cardiac performance and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:343-51. DOI:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.10.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruixing Y., Dezhai Y., Hai W., et al. Intramyocardial injection of vascular endothelial growth factor gene improves cardiac performance and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:343-51. DOI:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.10.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pepe M., Mamdani M., Zentilin L., et al. Intramyocardial VEGF-B167 gene delivery delays the progression towards congestive failure in dogs with pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res. 2010;106(12):1893-903. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.220855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pepe M., Mamdani M., Zentilin L., et al. Intramyocardial VEGF-B167 gene delivery delays the progression towards congestive failure in dogs with pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res. 2010;106(12):1893-903. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.220855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serpi R., Tolonen A.M., Huusko J., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B gene transfer prevents angiotensin II-induced diastolic dysfunction via proliferation and capillary dilatation in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;89:204-13. DOI:10.1038/mt.2012.145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serpi R., Tolonen A.M., Huusko J., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B gene transfer prevents angiotensin II-induced diastolic dysfunction via proliferation and capillary dilatation in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;89:204-13. DOI:10.1038/mt.2012.145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huusko J., Lottonen L., Merentie M., et al. AAV9-mediated VEGF-B gene transfer improves systolic function in progressive left ventricular hypertrophy. Mol Ther. 2012;20(12):2212-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huusko J., Lottonen L., Merentie M., et al. AAV9-mediated VEGF-B gene transfer improves systolic function in progressive left ventricular hypertrophy. Mol Ther. 2012;20(12):2212-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Symes J.F., Losordo D.W., Vale P.R., et al. Gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor for inoperable coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:830-6. DOI:10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00807-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Symes J.F., Losordo D.W., Vale P.R., et al. Gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor for inoperable coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:830-6. DOI:10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00807-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortuin F.D., Vale P., Losordo D.W., et al. One-year follow-up of direct myocardial gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 using naked plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by way of thoracotomy in no-option patients. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:436-9. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00661-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fortuin F.D., Vale P., Losordo D.W., et al. One-year follow-up of direct myocardial gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 using naked plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by way of thoracotomy in no-option patients. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:436-9. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00661-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reilly J.P., Grise M.A., Fortuin F.D., et al. Long-term (2-year) clinical events following transthoracic intramyocardial gene transfer of VEGF-2 in nooption patients. J Interv Cardiol. 2005;18:27-31. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2005.04026.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reilly J.P., Grise M.A., Fortuin F.D., et al. Long-term (2-year) clinical events following transthoracic intramyocardial gene transfer of VEGF-2 in nooption patients. J Interv Cardiol. 2005;18:27-31. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2005.04026.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vale P.R., Losordo D.W., Milliken C.E., et al. Left ventricular electromechanical mapping to assess efficacy of phVEGF165 gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2000;102:965-74. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.102.9.965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vale P.R., Losordo D.W., Milliken C.E., et al. Left ventricular electromechanical mapping to assess efficacy of phVEGF165 gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2000;102:965-74. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.102.9.965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar N., Rück A., Källner G., et al. Effects of intramyocardial injection of phVEGF-A165 as sole therapy in patients with refractory coronary artery disease - 12-month follow-up: angiogenic gene therapy. J Intern Med. 2001;250:373-81. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00905.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar N., Rück A., Källner G., et al. Effects of intramyocardial injection of phVEGF-A165 as sole therapy in patients with refractory coronary artery disease - 12-month follow-up: angiogenic gene therapy. J Intern Med. 2001;250:373-81. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00905.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favaloro L., Diez M., Mendiz O., et al. High-dose plasmid-mediated VEGF gene transfer is safe in patients with severe ischemic heart disease (Genesis-I). A phase I., open-label., two-year follow-up trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;82(6):899-906. DOI:10.1002/ccd.24555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favaloro L., Diez M., Mendiz O., et al. High-dose plasmid-mediated VEGF gene transfer is safe in patients with severe ischemic heart disease (Genesis-I). A phase I., open-label., two-year follow-up trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;82(6):899-906. DOI:10.1002/ccd.24555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Losordo D.W., Vale P.R., Hendel R.C., et al. Phase 1/2 placebo-controlled., double-blind., dose-escalating trial of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor 2 gene transfer by catheter delivery in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2002;105:2012-18. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000015982.70785.b7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Losordo D.W., Vale P.R., Hendel R.C., et al. Phase 1/2 placebo-controlled., double-blind., dose-escalating trial of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor 2 gene transfer by catheter delivery in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2002;105:2012-18. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000015982.70785.b7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyöngyösi M., Khorsand A., Zamini S., et al. NOGA-guided analysis of regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities treated with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A-165 in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia: subanalysis of the EUROINJECT-ONE multicentre double-blind randomized study. 2005;112(9 Suppl):I157-65. DOI:10.1161/01.CIRCULATIONAHA.105.525782.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyöngyösi M., Khorsand A., Zamini S., et al. NOGA-guided analysis of regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities treated with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A-165 in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia: subanalysis of the EUROINJECT-ONE multicentre double-blind randomized study. 2005;112(9 Suppl):I157-65. DOI:10.1161/01.CIRCULATIONAHA.105.525782.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart D.J., Kutryk M.J., Fitchett D., et al. VEGF gene therapy fails to improve perfusion of ischaemic myocardium in patients with advanced coronary disease: results of the NORTHERN trial. Mol Ther. 2009;17:1109-15. DOI:10.1038/mt.2009.70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart D.J., Kutryk M.J., Fitchett D., et al. VEGF gene therapy fails to improve perfusion of ischaemic myocardium in patients with advanced coronary disease: results of the NORTHERN trial. Mol Ther. 2009;17:1109-15. DOI:10.1038/mt.2009.70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukula K., Chojnowska L., Dąbrowski M., et al. Intramyocardial plasmid- encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor A165/basic fibroblast growth factor therapy using percutaneous transcatheter approach in patients with refractory coronary artery disease (VIF-CAD). Am Heart J. 2011;161:581-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.11.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukula K., Chojnowska L., Dąbrowski M., et al. Intramyocardial plasmid- encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor A165/basic fibroblast growth factor therapy using percutaneous transcatheter approach in patients with refractory coronary artery disease (VIF-CAD). Am Heart J. 2011;161:581-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.11.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedman M., Hartikainen J., Syvänne M., et al. Safety and feasibility of catheter-based local intracoronary vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in the prevention of postangioplasty and in-stent restenosis and in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia: phase II results of the Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial (KAT). Circulation. 2003;107(21):2677-683. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000070540.80780.92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedman M., Hartikainen J., Syvänne M., et al. Safety and feasibility of catheter-based local intracoronary vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in the prevention of postangioplasty and in-stent restenosis and in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia: phase II results of the Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial (KAT). Circulation. 2003;107(21):2677-683. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000070540.80780.92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosengart T.K., Lee L.Y., Patel S.R., et al. Angiogenesis gene therapy: phase I assessment of direct intramyocardial administration of an adenovirus vector expressing VEGF121 cDNA to individuals with clinically significant severe coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999;100:468-74. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.100.5.468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosengart T.K., Lee L.Y., Patel S.R., et al. Angiogenesis gene therapy: phase I assessment of direct intramyocardial administration of an adenovirus vector expressing VEGF121 cDNA to individuals with clinically significant severe coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999;100:468-74. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.100.5.468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taimeh Z., Loughran J., Birks E.J., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(9):519-30. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2013.94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taimeh Z., Loughran J., Birks E.J., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(9):519-30. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2013.94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson E.S., Khankin E.V., Karumanchi S.A., et al. Hypertension induced by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibition: mechanisms and potential use as a biomarker. Semin Nephrol. 2010;30:591-601. DOI:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.09.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson E.S., Khankin E.V., Karumanchi S.A., et al. Hypertension induced by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibition: mechanisms and potential use as a biomarker. Semin Nephrol. 2010;30:591-601. DOI:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.09.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrmann J., Yang E.H., Iliescu C.A., et al. Vascular toxicities of cancer therapies: the old and the new-an evolving avenue. Circulation. 2016;133:1272-89. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrmann J., Yang E.H., Iliescu C.A., et al. Vascular toxicities of cancer therapies: the old and the new-an evolving avenue. Circulation. 2016;133:1272-89. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izzedine H., Ederhy S., Goldwasser F., et al. Management of hypertension in angiogenesis inhibitor-treated patients. Ann Oncol. 2009;20:807-15. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdn713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izzedine H., Ederhy S., Goldwasser F., et al. Management of hypertension in angiogenesis inhibitor-treated patients. Ann Oncol. 2009;20:807-15. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdn713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Touyz R.M., Herrmann S.M.S., Herrmann J. Vascular toxicities with VEGF inhibitor therapies-focus on hypertension and arterial thrombotic events. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018;12(6):409-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jash.2018.03.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Touyz R.M., Herrmann S.M.S., Herrmann J. Vascular toxicities with VEGF inhibitor therapies-focus on hypertension and arterial thrombotic events. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018;12(6):409-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jash.2018.03.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel-Qadir H., Ethier J.L., Lee D.S., et al. Cardiovascular toxicity of angiogenesis inhibitors in treatment of malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:120-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.12.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel-Qadir H., Ethier J.L., Lee D.S., et al. Cardiovascular toxicity of angiogenesis inhibitors in treatment of malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:120-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.12.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamoto T., Qureshi R.A., Heimburger O., et al. Inverse relationship between the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3, fat body mass, and abdominal obesity in end-stage renal disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:2785-91. DOI:10.2215/CJN.02320311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamoto T., Qureshi R.A., Heimburger O., et al. Inverse relationship between the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3, fat body mass, and abdominal obesity in end-stage renal disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:2785-91. DOI:10.2215/CJN.02320311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fornai F., Carrizzo A., Forte M., et al. The inflammatory protein Pentraxin 3 in cardiovascular disease. Immun Ageing. 2016;13(1):25. DOI:10.1186/s12979-016-0080-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fornai F., Carrizzo A., Forte M., et al. The inflammatory protein Pentraxin 3 in cardiovascular disease. Immun Ageing. 2016;13(1):25. DOI:10.1186/s12979-016-0080-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ristagno G., Fumagalli F., Bottazzi B., et al. Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:823. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00823.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ristagno G., Fumagalli F., Bottazzi B., et al. Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:823. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00823.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenny N.S., Blumenthal R.S., Kronmal R.A., et al. Associations of pentraxin 3 with cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:999-1005. DOI:10.1111/jth.12557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenny N.S., Blumenthal R.S., Kronmal R.A., et al. Associations of pentraxin 3 with cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:999-1005. DOI:10.1111/jth.12557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altay S., Cakmak H.A., Kemaloglu O.T., et al. Long-term prognostic significance of pentraxin-3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction: 5-year prospective cohort study. Anatol J Cardiol. 2017;17:202-9. DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.7307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altay S., Cakmak H.A., Kemaloglu O.T., et al. Long-term prognostic significance of pentraxin-3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction: 5-year prospective cohort study. Anatol J Cardiol. 2017;17:202-9. DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.7307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latini R., Maggioni A.P., Peri G., et al. Prognostic significance of the long pentraxin PTX3 in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004;110:2349-54. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000145167.30987.2E.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latini R., Maggioni A.P., Peri G., et al. Prognostic significance of the long pentraxin PTX3 in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004;110:2349-54. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000145167.30987.2E.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubin R., Li Y., Ix J.H., et al. Associations of pentraxin-3 with cardiovascular events., incident heart failure., and mortality among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am Heart J. 2012;163:274-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubin R., Li Y., Ix J.H., et al. Associations of pentraxin-3 with cardiovascular events., incident heart failure., and mortality among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am Heart J. 2012;163:274-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Guo X., Yao K., et al. Pentraxin-3 Predicts Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:817615. DOI:10.1155/2015/817615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Guo X., Yao K., et al. Pentraxin-3 Predicts Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:817615. DOI:10.1155/2015/817615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abernethy A., Raza S., Sun J.L., et al. Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Stable Versus Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(8):e007385. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.117.007385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abernethy A., Raza S., Sun J.L., et al. Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Stable Versus Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(8):e007385. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.117.007385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latini R., Gullestad L., Masson S., et al. Pentraxin-3 in chronic heart failure: the CORONA and GISSI-HF trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:992-9. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latini R., Gullestad L., Masson S., et al. Pentraxin-3 in chronic heart failure: the CORONA and GISSI-HF trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:992-9. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsubara J., Sugiyama S., Nozaki T., et al. Incremental prognostic significance of the elevated levels of pentraxin 3 in patients with heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000928. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.114.000928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsubara J., Sugiyama S., Nozaki T., et al. Incremental prognostic significance of the elevated levels of pentraxin 3 in patients with heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000928. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.114.000928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotooka N., Inoue T., Aoki S., et al. Prognostic value of pentraxin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2008;130:1922. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.07.168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotooka N., Inoue T., Aoki S., et al. Prognostic value of pentraxin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2008;130:1922. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.07.168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki S., Takeishi Y., Niizeki T., et al. Pentraxin 3, a new marker for vascular inflammation, predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 208;155:75-81. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.08.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki S., Takeishi Y., Niizeki T., et al. Pentraxin 3, a new marker for vascular inflammation, predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 208;155:75-81. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.08.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsubara J., Sugiyama S., Nozaki T., et al. Pentraxin 3 is a new inflammatory marker correlated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:861-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsubara J., Sugiyama S., Nozaki T., et al. Pentraxin 3 is a new inflammatory marker correlated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:861-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishino M., Takeishi Y., Niizeki T., et al. Risk stratification of chronic heart failure patients by multiple biomarkers: implications of BNP, H-FABP, and PTX3. Circ J. 2008;72:1800-5. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishino M., Takeishi Y., Niizeki T., et al. Risk stratification of chronic heart failure patients by multiple biomarkers: implications of BNP, H-FABP, and PTX3. Circ J. 2008;72:1800-5. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song W., Wang X. The role of TGFβ1 and LRG1 in cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Biophys Rev. 2015;7(1):91-104. DOI:10.1007/s12551-014-0158-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song W., Wang X. The role of TGFβ1 and LRG1 in cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Biophys Rev. 2015;7(1):91-104. DOI:10.1007/s12551-014-0158-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks W.W., Conrad C.H. Myocardial fibrosis in transforming growth factor beta(1)heterozygous mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2000;32:187-95. DOI:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks W.W., Conrad C.H. Myocardial fibrosis in transforming growth factor beta(1)heterozygous mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2000;32:187-95. DOI:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schultz J.J., Witt S.A., Glascock B.J., et al. TGF-beta1 mediates the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth induced by angiotensin II. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:787-96. DOI:10.1172/JCI14190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schultz J.J., Witt S.A., Glascock B.J., et al. TGF-beta1 mediates the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth induced by angiotensin II. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:787-96. DOI:10.1172/JCI14190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakata Y., Chancey A.L., Divakaran V.G., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta receptor antagonism attenuates myocardial fibrosis in mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor. Basic Res Cardiol. 2008;103:60-8. DOI:10.1007/s00395-007-0689-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakata Y., Chancey A.L., Divakaran V.G., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta receptor antagonism attenuates myocardial fibrosis in mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor. Basic Res Cardiol. 2008;103:60-8. DOI:10.1007/s00395-007-0689-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuwahara F., Kai H., Tokuda K., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta function blocking prevents myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded rats. Circulation. 2002;106:130-5. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000020689.12472.e0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuwahara F., Kai H., Tokuda K., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta function blocking prevents myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded rats. Circulation. 2002;106:130-5. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000020689.12472.e0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Stuckey D.J., Murdoch C.E., et al. Cardiac fibrosis can be attenuated by blocking the activity of transglutaminase 2 using a selective small-molecule inhibitor. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(6):613. DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-0573-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Stuckey D.J., Murdoch C.E., et al. Cardiac fibrosis can be attenuated by blocking the activity of transglutaminase 2 using a selective small-molecule inhibitor. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(6):613. DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-0573-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit101"><label>101</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engebretsen K.V., Skårdal K., Bjørnstad S., et al. Attenuated development of cardiac fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload by SM16., an orally active inhibitor of ALK5. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014;76:148-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engebretsen K.V., Skårdal K., Bjørnstad S., et al. Attenuated development of cardiac fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload by SM16., an orally active inhibitor of ALK5. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014;76:148-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit102"><label>102</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikeuchi M., Tsutsui H., Shiomi T., et al. Inhibition of TGF‐beta signaling exacerbates early cardiac dysfunction but prevents late remodeling after infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;64:526-35. DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikeuchi M., Tsutsui H., Shiomi T., et al. Inhibition of TGF‐beta signaling exacerbates early cardiac dysfunction but prevents late remodeling after infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;64:526-35. DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit103"><label>103</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas J.A., Zhang Y., Li P., et al. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling induces left ventricular dilation and dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;298:H424-32. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00529.2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas J.A., Zhang Y., Li P., et al. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling induces left ventricular dilation and dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;298:H424-32. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00529.2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit104"><label>104</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobaczewski M., Chen W., Frangogiannis N.G. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in cardiac remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011;51(4):600-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobaczewski M., Chen W., Frangogiannis N.G. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in cardiac remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011;51(4):600-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit105"><label>105</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hein S., Arnon E., Kostin S., et al. Progression from compensated hypertrophy to failure in the pressure‐overloaded human heart: Structural deterioration and compensatory mechanisms. Circulation. 2003;107:984-91. DOI:10.1023/a:1007182617215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hein S., Arnon E., Kostin S., et al. Progression from compensated hypertrophy to failure in the pressure‐overloaded human heart: Structural deterioration and compensatory mechanisms. Circulation. 2003;107:984-91. DOI:10.1023/a:1007182617215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit106"><label>106</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pauschinger M., Knopf D., Petschauer S., et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with significant changes in collagen type I/III ratio. Circulation. 1999;99:2750-6. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pauschinger M., Knopf D., Petschauer S., et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with significant changes in collagen type I/III ratio. Circulation. 1999;99:2750-6. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit107"><label>107</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song W., Wang X. The role of TGFβ1 and LRG1 in cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Biophys Rev. 2015;7(1):91-104. DOI:10.1007/s12551-014-0158-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song W., Wang X. The role of TGFβ1 and LRG1 in cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Biophys Rev. 2015;7(1):91-104. DOI:10.1007/s12551-014-0158-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit108"><label>108</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsasser A., Decker E., Kostin S., et al. A self‐perpetuating vicious cycle of tissue damage in human hibernating myocardium. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;213:17-28. DOI:10.1023/a:1007182617215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsasser A., Decker E., Kostin S., et al. A self‐perpetuating vicious cycle of tissue damage in human hibernating myocardium. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;213:17-28. DOI:10.1023/a:1007182617215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit109"><label>109</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukumoto H., Naito Z., Asano G., et al. Immunohistochemical and morphometric evaluations of coronary atherosclerotic plaques associated with myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 1998;5:29-35. DOI:10.5551/jat1994.5.29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukumoto H., Naito Z., Asano G., et al. Immunohistochemical and morphometric evaluations of coronary atherosclerotic plaques associated with myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 1998;5:29-35. DOI:10.5551/jat1994.5.29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit110"><label>110</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edgley A.J., Krum H., Kelly D.J. Targeting fibrosis for the treatment of heart failure: a role for transforming growth factor-β. Cardiovasc Ther. 2012;30(1):e30-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00228.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edgley A.J., Krum H., Kelly D.J. Targeting fibrosis for the treatment of heart failure: a role for transforming growth factor-β. Cardiovasc Ther. 2012;30(1):e30-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00228.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit111"><label>111</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng H., Ouyang W., Zhang L., et al. LncRNA GASL1 is downregulated in chronic heart failure and regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2019;24:41. DOI:10.1186/s11658-019-0165-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng H., Ouyang W., Zhang L., et al. LncRNA GASL1 is downregulated in chronic heart failure and regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2019;24:41. DOI:10.1186/s11658-019-0165-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit112"><label>112</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan S., Joyce J., Margulies K.B., et al. Enhanced bioactive myocardial transforming growth factor-β in advanced human heart failure. Circ J. 2014;78(11):2711-8. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-14-0511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan S., Joyce J., Margulies K.B., et al. Enhanced bioactive myocardial transforming growth factor-β in advanced human heart failure. Circ J. 2014;78(11):2711-8. DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-14-0511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit113"><label>113</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang F., Dang Y., Li Y., et al. Cardiac Contractility Modulation Attenuate Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Heart Failure. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(1):294-302. DOI:10.1159/000445624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang F., Dang Y., Li Y., et al. Cardiac Contractility Modulation Attenuate Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Heart Failure. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(1):294-302. DOI:10.1159/000445624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit114"><label>114</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadoshima J., Izumo S. Molecular characterization of angiotensin II--induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res. 1993;73:413-23. DOI:10.1161/01.res.73.3.413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadoshima J., Izumo S. Molecular characterization of angiotensin II--induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res. 1993;73:413-23. DOI:10.1161/01.res.73.3.413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit115"><label>115</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenkranz S. TGF-beta1 and angiotensin networking in cardiac remodeling. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;63:423-32. DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.04.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenkranz S. TGF-beta1 and angiotensin networking in cardiac remodeling. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;63:423-32. DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.04.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit116"><label>116</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray M.O., Long C.S., Kalinyak J.E., et al. Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine release of TGF-beta 1 and endothelin-1 from fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;40:352-63. DOI:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00121-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray M.O., Long C.S., Kalinyak J.E., et al. Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine release of TGF-beta 1 and endothelin-1 from fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;40:352-63. DOI:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00121-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit117"><label>117</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S., Ohta K., Hamaguchi A., et al. Effects of an AT1 receptor antagonist., an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel antagonist on cardiac gene expressions in hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;118:549-56. DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15437.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S., Ohta K., Hamaguchi A., et al. Effects of an AT1 receptor antagonist., an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel antagonist on cardiac gene expressions in hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;118:549-56. DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15437.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
