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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2020-03-04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current Clinical and Pharmacological Approaches to the Prescription of Loop Diuretics in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные клинико-фармакологические подходы к применению петлевых диуретиков у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафурова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafurova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гафурова Нупайсат Магомедовна – аспирант, кафедра клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nupaysat M. Gafurova – MD, Postgraduate Student, Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nupa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ших</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ших Евгения Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней, директор Института профессионального образования</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia V. Shikh – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Director of Institute of Professional Education</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии, РМАНПО; профессор, кафедра клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней, Сеченовский университет</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 стр. 2, </p><p>123995, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Chair of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Professor, Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Sechenov University</p><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, </p><p>Barrikadnaya ul. 2/1, Moscow, 123995 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>595</fpage><lpage>600</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gafurova N.M., Shikh E.V., Ostroumova O.D., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гафурова Н.М., Ших Е.В., Остроумова О.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gafurova N.M., Shikh E.V., Ostroumova O.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2257">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2257</self-uri><abstract><p>Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million patients worldwide. Congestion and formation of edema – are typical symptoms of heart failure. Diuretics are the mainstay of therapy in heart failure and are used to relieve congestion and improve exercise tolerance. Also, the administration of diuretics should be considered to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization. Loop diuretics are used by nearly 80% of all chronic HF patients and remain the drugs of choice. Although diuretics are one of the most prescribed classes of drugs, recommendations for their titration scheme for long-term use have not yet been finalized, nor have there been major prospective randomized controlled studies on the effect of diuretics on morbidity and mortality. A Cochrane meta-analysis has shown that in patients with chronic HF, loop and thiazide diuretics might reduce the risk of death and worsening of HF in comparison to placebo and could lead to improved exercise capacity. Guideline recommends the use lowest possible dose of diuretics due to probable electrolyte disturbances, further neurohormonal activation, accelerated kidney function decline, and symptomatic hypotension. Diuretic resistance is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and an increased risk of readmission. There are significant pharmacokinetic differences between the loop diuretics. Compared with furosemide, torasemide has a high bioavailability irrespective of food intake, and carries a longer half‐life and duration of effect; also, the benefits of torasemide are its additional anti-fibrotic and neurohormonal effects. Optimization of diuretic therapy in patients with HF remains a challenge and requires further research, as well as an individual approach to patients, since there is no convincing evidence base.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является растущей проблемой общественного здравоохранения с предполагаемой распространенностью 38 млн пациентов в мире. Задержка жидкости в организме и формирование отечного синдрома – типичные проявления сердечной недостаточности. Диуретики являются основой терапии сердечной недостаточности и применяются для уменьшения симптомов сердечной недостаточности и повышения толерантности к физической нагрузке. Также назначение диуретиков следует рассматривать для предупреждения риска госпитализации пациентов с ХСН. Петлевые диуретики остаются препаратами выбора для лечения пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью и используются почти в 80% случаев. Хотя диуретики являются одним из самых назначаемых классов лекарственных средств, в настоящее время окончательно не сформулированы рекомендации по схеме их титрации при длительном использовании, также не проводилось крупных проспективных рандомизированных контролируемых исследований по влиянию диуретиков на заболеваемость и смертность. Кокрановский мета-анализ показал, что у пациентов с ХСН петлевые и тиазидные диуретики могут снизить риск смерти и прогрессирования сердечной недостаточности по сравнению с плацебо, а также повысить физическую активность. Ввиду возможных электролитных нарушений, дальнейшей нейрогормональной активации, ухудшения почечной функции и симптоматической гипотензии рекомендуется использовать петлевую диуретическую терапию в наименьшей дозе, которая достаточна для поддержания эуволемии. Резистентность к диуретикам связана с неблагоприятным прогнозом и повышенным риском повторных госпитализаций. В фармакокинетики петлевых диуретиков существуют значительные различия. По сравнению с фуросемидом торасемид имеет высокую биодоступность, не зависящую от приема пищи и обладает более длительным периодом полувыведения и продолжительностью действия, кроме того, преимуществами торасемида являются его дополнительные антифибротические и нейрогормональные эффекты. Оптимизация диуретической терапии у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью остается сложной задачей и требует дальнейших исследований, а также индивидуального подхода к пациентам, учитывая отсутствие убедительной доказательной базы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>петлевые диуретики</kwd><kwd>торасемид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>loop diuretics</kwd><kwd>torasemide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braunwald E. The war against heart failure: the Lancet lecture. Lancet. 2015; 385(9970):812-24. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61889-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braunwald E. The war against heart failure: the Lancet lecture. Lancet. 2015; 385(9970):812-24. 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Available from: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=95845b30-2b90-47c8-8285-9567628ad81b&amp;t= (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
