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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2020-10-01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Are Russian Men with Intermittent Claudication and/or Angina Pectoris Have the Same Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Risks? The Data of the Prospective Population-Based Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Одинаков ли риск смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и от всех причин у российских мужчин со стенокардией и/или с перемежающейся хромотой? Данные популяционного проспективного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шальнова</surname><given-names>C. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шальнова Светлана Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Shalnova – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sshalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яровая</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarovaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яровая Елена Борисовна – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории биостатистики, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, НМИЦТПМ; профессор, кафедра теории вероятностей, механико-математический факультет, МГУ им. М.В. Лононосова</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Колмогорова, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Yarovaya – PhD (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of Laboratory of Biostatistics, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Professor, Chair of Probability Theory, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990, </p><p>Kolmogorova ul. 1, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Юлия Константиновна – программист, лаборатория биостатистики, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболевании, НМИЦТПМ; аспирант, кафедра теории вероятностей, механико-математический факультет, МГУ им. М.В. Лононосова</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Колмогорова, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia K. Makarova – Programmer, Laboratory of Biostatistics, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Post-Graduate Student, Chair of Probability Theory, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990, </p><p>Kolmogorova ul. 1, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куценко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куценко Владимир Александрович – младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория биостатистики, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, НМИЦТПМ; аспирант, кафедра теории вероятностей, механико-математический факультет, МГУ им. М.В. Лононосова</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Колмогорова, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Kutsenko – Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biostatistics, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Post-Graduate Student, Chair of Probability Theory, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990, </p><p>Kolmogorova ul. 1, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капустина Анна Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Kapustina – MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баланова Юлия Андреевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Balanova – MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имаева</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imaeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имаева Асия Эмверовна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asiia E. Imaeva – MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муромцева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muromtseva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муромцева Галина Аркадьевна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Muromtseva – PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases</p><p>Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский научно-исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский научно-исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины;&#13;
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>797</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shalnova S.A., Yarovaya E.V., Makarova Y.K., Kutsenko V.A., Kapustina A.V., Balanova Y.A., Imaeva A.E., Muromtseva G.A., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шальнова C.А., Яровая Е.Б., Макарова Ю.К., Куценко В.А., Капустина А.В., Баланова Ю.А., Имаева А.Э., Муромцева Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalnova S.A., Yarovaya E.V., Makarova Y.K., Kutsenko V.A., Kapustina A.V., Balanova Y.A., Imaeva A.E., Muromtseva G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2287">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2287</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To investigate the distribution of the intermittent claudication(IC) and/or angina pectoris (AP) and to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular and allcause mortality in Russian male population with pain syndrome of varying severity during more than 30-year observation period.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The data were obtained from representative samples observed in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg (former Leningrad) from 1975 to 1986 with 75% response. Men (n=10953) aged 35-71 years (mean age 48.8±6.6 years) were examined by the same protocol which includes standard questionnaire, blood biochemistry, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate measurements, anthropometry and electrocardiography (ECG) in 12 leads. The original Rose questionnaire to determine the IC and AP was used. There were defined five risk groups with different pain features. The first group – no pain; the second group – mixed pain in legs and/or in chest including the pain connected with the effort, but without typical IC and AP features; the third group – only IC without AP; the fourth group – only AP without IC; finally, the fifth group – both IC and AP. The median follow-up period was 21.9 years with interquartile range of 13.4-33.5 years. During the follow-up 7893 all-cause deaths including 4220 cardiovascular deaths were found. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to find out the associations between risk groups and survival. Mortality risk, including cardiovascular mortality, was evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were 38.7% men with any pain. The prevalence of IC without AP was 0.7% and the prevalence of AP without IC was 5.8%. Only 0.3% of the population had both IC and AP. The prevalence of both parameters increased with age. As expected, men with no pain live longer than others. Median of the survival time in this group, which means the point when half of the population dies, was 24.9 years. Only in this group the value when 75% of population dies was not reached. Compared to no pain group, loss of the life expectancy of only IC group was 10.9 years, only AP group – 9.2 years, IC and AP group – 17.9 years. Both IC and AP had statistically significant contribution to mortality adjusted for high blood pressure, smoking, presence of ECG disturbances, history of myocardial infarction. Survival curves of isolated IC and AP groups did not have statistically significant difference which means that both diseases have the same contribution to mortality. Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The prevalence of IC without AP was 0.7% and the prevalence of AP without IC was 5.8%. IC and AP are independent factors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the Russian male population aged 35-71 years. However, no statistically significant difference was found between groups only with IC and only with AP for cardiovascular and all-cause deaths. The presence of both conditions in combination reduces the median survival time by 17.9 years compared to the group with no pain.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространенность перемежающейся хромоты (ПХ) и/или стенокардии (СТ) и оценить риск сердечно-сосудистой смертности и смертности от всех причин в популяции российских мужчин с болевым синдромом различной степени выраженности в ходе более чем 30-летнего наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В работе использованы данные, полученные из представительных выборок обследованных в различные периоды в Москве и Ленинграде (сейчас Санкт-Петербург) с 1975 по 1986 гг. с откликом 75%. Обследование мужчин (n=10953) в возрасте 35-71 лет (средний возраст 48,81±6,61 лет) проводилось по единому протоколу, включавшему стандартный опрос, биохимию крови, измерение артериального давления (АД) и частоты сердечных сокращений, антропометрию и регистрацию электрокардиограммы (ЭКГ) в 12 отведениях. Для определения ПХ и СТ использовался оригинальный вопросник Роуза, согласно которому были выделены пять категорий болевого синдрома (БС) различной степени выраженности. Первая – нет БС; вторая – смешанный БС в нижних конечностях и/или в груди, в том числе, связанный с усилием, но без типичных синдромов ПХ и СТ; третья – только ПХ без СТ; четвертая – только классическая СТ без ПХ; и, наконец, пятая – сочетание ПХ и СТ. Медиана периода наблюдения составила 21,9 лет, интерквартильный размах 13,4-33,5 лет. Всего умерло 7893 человек, в том числе, от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) – 4220 человек. Для оценки ассоциаций между категориями БС и выживаемостью использовали метод Каплана-Мейера. Риск смерти, в том числе, от ССЗ, оценивали с помощью модели пропорциональных рисков Кокса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего мужчин с БС было 38,7%. Распространенность ПХ без СТ в изучаемой выборке мужчин составила 0,7%. СТ без ПХ выявлена у 5,8%, сочетание ПХ и СТ выявлено у 0,3% мужчин. Распространенность обоих показателей увеличивалась с возрастом. Как и ожидалось, дольше всего живут мужчины без БС. Для них медиана продолжительности жизни, под которой понимается момент, когда умирает 50% популяции, составила 24,9 лет. По сравнению с группой без БС потеря продолжительности жизни у лиц только с ПХ составила 10,9 лет, у лиц только с СТ – 9,2 года, у лиц с сочетанной патологией – 17,9 лет. При проведении многофакторного анализа выявлен статистически значимый вклад в смертность как СТ, так и ПХ с поправкой на стандартные факторы риска, среди которых повышенное АД, курение, наличие ишемических и других изменений на ЭКГ, инфаркта миокарда в анамнезе. При этом кривые выживаемости в группах c изолированными СТ и ПХ статистически значимо не различались, что свидетельствует о равнозначном вкладе в смертность заболеваний артерий нижних конечностей и коронарных артерий. Схожие данные получены для смертности от ССЗ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Распространенность изолированных ПХ и СТ у российских мужчин в возрасте 35-71 лет составила 0,7% и 5,8%. Оба показателя являются независимыми предикторами смертности от всех причин и от ССЗ, в частности. Однако в группах только ПХ и только СТ не выявлено статистически значимого преобладания риска смертности от всех причин и от ССЗ. Наличие сочетанной патологии увеличивает риск смертельного исхода до 5,3 при однофакторном и до 2,5 – при многофакторном анализе, и сокращает медиану продолжительности жизни на 17,9 лет по сравнению с лицами без БС.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перемежающаяся хромота</kwd><kwd>стенокардия</kwd><kwd>мужчины</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intermittent claudication</kwd><kwd>angina pectoris</kwd><kwd>men</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демографический ежегодник России. Москва: Росстат; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demographic yearbook of Russia. 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