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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-3-275-282</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF APIXABAN AS COMPARED WITH WARFARIN AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ИНСУЛЬТА И СИСТЕМНОЙ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НЕКЛАПАННОЙ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЕЙ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ: ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АПИКСАБАНА ПО СРАВНЕНИЮ С ВАРФАРИНОМ И АЦЕТИЛСАЛИЦИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТОЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. фарм. н., профессор кафедры управления и экономики фармации</p><p>197376 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professora Popova ul. 14, Saint-Petersburg, 197376 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudakova_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой нервных болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8-2, Moscow, 119991 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургская химико-фармацевтическая академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>275</fpage><lpage>282</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Rudakova A.V., Parfenov V.A., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рудакова А.В., Парфенов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudakova A.V., Parfenov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/233">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. For prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) the following types of antithrombotic therapy are used: anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists (such as warfarin), antiplatelet therapy (such as acetylsalicylic acid) and novel oral anticoagulants such as apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Administration of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is complicated by the need for individual dose adjustment and frequent monitoring of international normalized ratio (INR). Both warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid are widely used for thrombosis prevention in patients with NVAF in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of apixaban compared with warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid in patients with NVAF from the Russian Federation national health care system perspective.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This analysis used a Markov model that allowed estimation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for apixaban as compared with warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid over lifetime horizon in VKA suitable and VKA unsuitable patients with NVAF respectively. The model enclosed cardiovascular event rates based on the results of the randomized clinical trials comparing clinical effectiveness and safety of apixaban with warfarin (ARISTOTLE) and acetylsalicylic acid (AVERROES). The following cardiovascular events were taken into consideration: ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, systemic embolism, intracranial hemorrhage, other major bleeds, clinically relevant non-major bleeds and myocardial infarction. Direct medical costs were determined based on the rates of the compulsory national medical insurance system. The price of the antithrombotic drugs was taken as a weighted average tender price for the year 2013. In the model both costs and benefits (quality-adjusted life years and life-years) were discounted at 3.5%. Cost-effectiveness threshold was set at 1.4 million rubles per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and corresponded to the three times GDP per capita in 2013 in the Russian Federation. Sensitivity analysis explored the impact of the treatment discontinuation rates, patients’ age and quality of INR monitoring on the cost-effectiveness of apixaban.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the base case analysis it was demonstrated that apixaban as compared with warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid provided additional 0.187 and 0.255 life years as well as additional 0.187 and 0.214 QALYs respectively. Over lifetime horizon apixaban as compared with warfarin and aspirin required additional treatment costs equal to 112.72 and 101.35 thousands rubles, respectively. With that estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for apixaban as compared with warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid was 603.92 and 473.02 thousands rubles per QALY respectively. The results were robust in sensitivity analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Apixaban is expected to be a cost-effective alternative to warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid in patients with NVAF from the Russian Federation national health care system perspective. Apixaban may be recommended for inclusion into formulary reimbursement lists as an alternative to warfarin.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>К медикаментозным способам профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) относятся антитромботическая терапия антагонистами витамина К (варфарин), антитромбоцитарными препаратами (ацетилсалициловая кислота) и новыми пероральными антикоагулянтами, к которым относятся апиксабан, ривароксабан и дабигатран. Использование варфарина осложняется необходимостью индивидуального подбора дозы и постоянного мониторинга антикоагулянтной активности. Варфарин и ацетилсалициловая кислота достаточно широко применяются в качестве антитромботической терапии у пациентов с ФП в Российской Федерации.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить эффективность дополнительных затрат на профилактику тромбоэмболических осложнений у пациентов с неклапанной ФП апиксабаном по сравнению с варфарином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой с точки зрения российского бюджетного здравоохранения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Расчёты осуществлены на период дожития пациентов с неклапанной ФП. Использовано марковское моделирование на основе результатов рандомизированных клинических исследований, в которых было проведено сравнение клинической эффективности и безопасности апиксабана с варфарином (ARISTOTLE) и ацетилсалициловой кислотой (AVERROES). При сравнении апиксабана с варфарином было учтено качество контроля международного нормализованного отношения (МНО) в условиях российской клинической практики. Анализ осуществлен с учетом средневзвешенной цены на антикоагулянтные препараты по результатам госзакупок за 2013 г. Затраты на терапию осложнений соответствовали тарифам ОМС по Санкт-Петербургу на 2014 г. Затраты и продолжительность жизни дисконтировали на 3,5% в год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Апиксабан по сравнению с варфарином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой обеспечивает увеличение средней продолжительности жизни пациентов с неклапанной ФП на 0,187 и 0,255 года и средней продолжительности качественной жизни на 0,187 и 0,214 QALY, соответственно. При этом дополнительные затраты на терапию апиксабаном по сравнению с варфарином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой составят 112,72 и 101,36 тыс. руб., соответственно. Коэффициент эффективности дополнительных затрат по сравнению с варфарином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой – 603,92 и 473,02 тыс. руб./QALY, соответственно. Анализ чувствительности продемонстрировал надежность полученных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение апиксабана по сравнению с варфарином и ацетилсалициловой кислотой обеспечивает бóльшую продолжительность жизни и является экономически приемлемым для применения у пациентов с неклапанной ФП с точки зрения российского бюджетного здравоохранения. Новый пероральный антикоагулянт апиксабан может быть рекомендован для государственного возмещения затрат и включения в формулярные списки стационаров в качестве альтернативы варфарину.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>новые пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>анализ затраты-эффективность</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>варфарин</kwd><kwd>ацетилсалициловая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>novel oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>cost-effectiveness analysis</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>warfarin</kwd><kwd>acetylsalicylic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolf P.A., Abbott R.D., Kannel W.B. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. 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