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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2020-11-06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS OF CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СМЕЖНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Chronic Kidney Disease: Current State of the Problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая болезнь почек: современное состояние проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батюшин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batiushin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батюшин Михаил Михайлович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра внутренних болезней №2, РостГМУ; заведующий нефрологическим отделением, клиника РостГМУ.344022, Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский пер., 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Batiushin - MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of internal diseases №2, Rostov State Medical University; Head of the Nephrology Department, Clinic of Rostov State Medical University.Nakhichevansky per. 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batjushin-m@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>938</fpage><lpage>947</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Batiushin M.M., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Батюшин М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Batiushin M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2335">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2335</self-uri><abstract><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increasing prevalence, catalyzing properties in relation to cardiovascular and general mortality, and, in most cases, is asymptomatic, which means late diagnostic verifiability. The global average prevalence of CKD is 13.4%, and CKD C3-5 is 10.6%. The main causes of CKD C5 are diabetes mellitus (DM, 46.9%), hypertension (28.8%) and to a lesser extent, glomerulonephritis (7.1%) and polycystic diseases (2.8%), while other causes account for a total of 14.4%. Despite the simple diagnosis of CKD, one of the key problems of modern therapeutic and pediatric clinics is its low detection rate at the early stages, which, according to some data, reaches 96.6%. This review provides data on the criteria for the diagnosis of CKD, as well as more detailed consideration of the course of CKD in patients with DM, hypertension, and heart failure. Attention is paid to the medicinal origin of CKD, as well as to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders in CKD. General issues of treatment of patients with CKD are considered in detail. Lifestyle changes are an important part of the fight against the development and progression of CKD. Currently, Smoking, alcohol, and physical inactivity have been shown to have a harmful effect on the risk of developing and progressing CKD. Diet plays a certain preventive role. The main drugs with nephroprotective properties are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Both classes of drugs are effective in proteinuric forms of nephropathies and in combination/association of CKD with diabetes or hypertension. The review also provides data on the nephroprotective properties of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Given the high importance of identifying and effectively treating patients with CKD, it is necessary to focus on early detection of CKD, especially in high-risk groups. It is necessary to raise public awareness by creating and implementing programs for primary prevention of CKD, as well as awareness of patients, motivating them to follow the doctor's recommendations for a long time, including as part of the implementation of a non-drug strategy to combat CKD. It is important to use the full range of methods of drug therapy for CKD, including measures of universal nephroprotection. It should be remembered that the cost of late diagnosis of CKD is a reduction in life expectancy, primarily due to high rates of cardiovascular mortality, disability, and high-cost medication and kidney replacement therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) характеризуется ростом распространенности, негативным вкладом в сердечно-сосудистую и общую смертность. Глобальная распространенность ХБП составляет 13,4%, а ХБП С3-5 - 10,6%. Основными причинами развития ХБП С5 являются сахарный диабет (СД, 46,9%), артериальная гипертензия (АГ, 28,8%) и, в меньшей степени, гломерулонефрит (7,1%) и поликистозные болезни (2,8%), при этом на другие причины приходится в общем 14,4%. Течение ХБП в большинстве случаев бессимптомно. Несмотря на несложность диагностики ХБП, одной из ключевых проблем современной терапевтической и педиатрической клиники является ее низкая выявляемость на ранних стадиях, по некоторым данным достигающая 96,6%. В обзоре приводятся данные о критериях диагностики ХБП, а также более подробно рассмотрены вопросы течения ХБП у больных с СД, АГ, сердечной недостаточностью. Уделяется внимание ХБП лекарственного генеза, а также вопросам развития тревожно-депрессивных расстройств при ХБП. Детально рассмотрены общие вопросы лечения больных с ХБП. Изменение образа жизни является важной составляющей борьбы с развитием и прогрессированием ХБП. В настоящее время показано негативное влияние на развитие и прогрессирование ХБП курения, алкоголя, гиподинамии. Определенную профилактическую роль играет диета. Основными препаратами, обладающими нефропротективными свойствами, являются ингибиторы ангиотензин-превращающего фермента и антагонисты рецепторов к ангиотензину II. Оба класса препаратов эффективны при протеинурических формах нефропатий и при сочетании/связи ХБП с СД или АГ. В обзоре также рассмотрены данные о нефропротективных свойствах антагонистов минералокортикоидных рецепторов, антагонистов эндотелиновых рецепторов, ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного ко-транспортера 2 типа. Учитывая высокую значимость выявления и эффективного лечения больных с ХБП, необходимо сконцентрировать усилия на раннем выявлении ХБП, прежде всего, в группах высокого риска ее развития. Необходимо повысить осведомленность населения, создавая и реализуя программы первичной профилактики ХБП, а также мотивируя больных на длительное соблюдение рекомендаций врача, в том числе, в рамках реализации немедикаментозной стратегии борьбы с ХБП. Важно использовать весь спектр методов профилактики и медикаментозной терапии ХБП. Необходимо помнить о том, что ценой поздней диагностики ХБП является сокращение продолжительности жизни, в первую очередь, за счет высоких показателей сердечно-сосудистой смертности, инвалидизация и существенные затраты на медикаментозную и заместительную почечную терапию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li P.K., Garcia-Garcia G., Lui S.F., et al.; for the World Kidney Day Steering Committee. Kidney health for everyone everywhere - from prevention to detection and equitable access to care. Kidney International. 2020;97:226-32. 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