rpcardioRational Pharmacotherapy in CardiologyРациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии1819-64462225-3653«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.20996/1819-6446-2020-12-08rpcardio-2357Research ArticlePREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTHПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕPopulation-based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Measures Aimed at Reducing Salt Intake: Analysis of International Strategies and Prospects for Implementation in the Russian FederationМеры популяционной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, направленные на снижение потребления соли: международный опыт и перспективы внедрения в Российской ФедерацииБалановаЮ. А.BalanovaYu. A.

Баланова Юлия Андреевна - кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела укрепления общественного здоровья, НМИЦ ТПМ.101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10.

Yulia A. Balanova - MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Department of Public Health Promotion, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.

JBalanova@gnicpm.ruКонцеваяА. В.KontsevayaA. V.

Концевая Анна Васильевна - доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела укрепления общественного здоровья, заместитель директора по научной и аналитической работе того же центра, НМИЦ ТПМ.101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10.

Anna V. Kontsevaya - MD, PhD, Deputy Director for Scientific and Analytical Work, Head of Department of Public Health Promotion, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.

КарамноваН. С.KaramnovaN. S.

Карамнова Наталья Станиславовна - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории эпидемиологии питания, НМИЦ ТПМ.101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10.

Natalia S. Karamnova - MD, PhD, Head of Nutrition Epidemiology Laboratory, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.

МуканееваД. К.MukaneevaD. K.

Муканеева Динара Камильевна - младший научный сотрудник, отдел укрепления общественного здоровья, НМИЦ ТПМ.101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10.

Dinara K. Mukaneeva - Junior Researcher, Department of Public Health Promotion, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.

ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Драпкина Оксана Михайловна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор НМИЦ ТПМ.101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10.

Oxana M. Drapkina - MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.Petroverigsky per. 10, Moscow, 101990.

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медициныРоссияNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineRussian Federation202029122020166966976Copyright © Balanova Y.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Karamnova N.S., Mukaneeva D.K., Drapkina O.M., 20202020Баланова Ю.А., Концевая А.В., Карамнова Н.С., Муканеева Д.К., Драпкина О.М.Balanova Y.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Karamnova N.S., Mukaneeva D.K., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2357

High salt intake is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), closely related to the level of blood pressure in the population. The purpose of the review: to study population-based interventions for CVD prevention, aimed at reducing salt intake; to assess the potential for their implementation in the Russian Federation. We presented population-based strategies for dietary salt intake reduction used in different countries. The main components of strategies aimed to correct this risk factor in the Russian Federation were identified. The main components of the population-based approach to reducing salt intake are: determining population salt consumption, identifying sources of salt in the diet, monitoring of salt content in products, engaging with the food industry, consumer awareness campaigns, changes in product labeling, tax measures. An integrated approach to the problem is the most successful. Measures which were highly effective have not yet been fully implemented in the Russian Federation. At the moment, taxation of high-salt foods and tax subsidies for healthy food are not applied. Food manufacturers are not sufficiently involved - there are no legislatively introduced measures to reduce salt through food reformulation. Firstly it has to be applied to diet-forming products that are consumed daily, such as bakery and dairy products, and meat products.

Избыточное потребление соли - важный фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (CC3), тесно связный с уровнем артериального давления в популяции. Целью настоящего обзора является изучение мер популяционной профилактики ССЗ, направленных на снижение потребления соли, используемых в мире и оценка потенциала их внедрения в Российской Федерации с учетом уже действующих. Представлен опыт стран, внедрявших меры по снижению потребления соли на популяционном уровне, выделены основные компоненты стратегии, направленной на коррекцию этого фактора риска в Российской Федерации. Основными составляющими популяционного подхода по снижению потребления соли являются: оценка фактического потребления соли населением, оценка источников поступления соли в организм, мониторинг содержания соли в готовых продуктах и работа с производителями по снижению ее количества, информационно-коммуникационная компания, профилактическое консультирование, изменение в маркировке продуктов, налоговые меры. Фактором, влияющим на успешность разрабатываемой стратегии, является создание национальной стратегии и комплексный подход к проблеме. Меры, эффективность и значимость которых убедительно доказана, в Российской Федерации пока не приняты в должном объеме. На настоящий момент налогообложение продуктов с повышенным содержанием соли и налоговое субсидирование здоровой пищи не применяется. Отсутствие законодательных мер по сокращению соли при производстве продуктов питания определяет низкую вовлеченность в этот процесс их производителей. В первую очередь, это целесообразно сделать в отношении формирующих рацион продуктов, ежедневно массово потребляемых, таких как хлебобулочные и молочные изделия, мясопродукты.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.