<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2021-04-06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT QUESTIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ  ВОПРОСЫ  КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current Guidelines for the Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные рекомендации по лечению артериальной гипертензии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом и хронической болезнью почек</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Татьяна Юльевна – eLibrary SPIN 9600-9796</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Yu. Demidova -  eLibrary SPIN 9600-9796</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисляк</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislyak</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кисляк Оксана Андреевна - eLibrary SPIN 3910-6585</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Kislyak - eLibrary SPIN 3910-6585</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kisliakoa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>331</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Demidova T.Y., Kislyak O.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демидова Т.Ю., Кисляк О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demidova T.Y., Kislyak O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2443">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2443</self-uri><abstract><p>The current understanding of the management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on the concept of the cardiovascular continuum involves not only the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but also the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The fact is that patients with DM and CKD represent a special group of patients with a very high risk of CVD and cardiovascular mortality. Such patients require early diagnosis and timely identification of risk factors for the development and progression of CKD for their adequate correction. Arterial hypertension, along with hyperglycemia, is the main risk factor for the development and progression of CKD in patients with diabetes. In this regard, the choice of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) in patients with diabetes is of particular importance. The basis of AHT in diabetes and CKD is the combination of a blocker of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACE inhibitor] or an angiotensin II receptor blocker [ARB]) and a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or a thiazide / thiazide-like diuretic. The task of the performed AHT is to achieve the target level of blood pressure (BP). At the same time, the optimal blood pressure values in patients with diabetes and CKD are blood pressure values in the range of 130-139/70-79 mm Hg. If the target blood pressure is not achieved, it is necessary to intensify antihypertensive therapy by adding a third antihypertensive drug to the therapy: CCB or a diuretic (thiazide / thiazide-like or loop). In case of resistant hypertension, it is necessary to consider the possibility of adding antagonists of mineralocorticoid receptors, other diuretics or alpha-blockers to the conducted AHT. Beta-blockers can be added at any stage of therapy if the patient has exertional angina, a history of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and chronic heart failure. The need to normalize blood pressure parameters by prescribing combined antihypertensive therapy in patients with diabetes and CKD is explained by a decrease in renal and cardiovascular risks, and, therefore, a decrease in the risk of mortality in this cohort of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современные представления о ведении пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД), исходя из концепции сердечно-сосудистого континуума, пред-полагают не только профилактику и лечение сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), но и профилактику и лечение хронической болезни почек (ХБП). Дело в том, что пациенты с СД и ХБП представляют особую группу больных с очень высоким риском ССЗ и сердечно-сосудистой смертности. Таким пациентам требуется ранняя диагностика и своевременное выявление факторов риска развития и прогрессирования ХБП для их адекватной коррекции. Артериальная гипертензия, наряду с гипергликемией, является основным фактором риска развития и прогрессирования ХБП у пациентов с СД. В связи с этим особое значение приобретает выбор антигипертензивной терапии (АГТ) у пациентов с СД. Основу АГТ при СД и ХБП составляет комбинация блокатора ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы (ингибитор ангиотензин-превращающего фермента или блокатор рецепторов ангиотензина II) и блокатора кальциевых каналов (БКК) или тиазидного/тиазидоподобного диуретика. Задачей проводимой АГТ является достижение целевого уровня артериального давления (АД). При этом оптимальными цифрами АД у пациентов с СД и ХБП являются значения АД в пределах 130-139/70-79 мм рт.ст. В случае недостижения целевых показателей АД необходима интенсификация антигипертензивной терапии путем добавления к терапии третьего антигипертензивного препарата: БКК или диуретика (тиазидного/тиазидоподобного или петлевого). При резистентной АГ необходимо рассмотреть возможность добавления к проводимой АГТ антагонистов минералкортикоидных рецепторов, других диуретиков или альфа-адреноблокаторов. Бета-адреноблокаторы могут добавляться на любом этапе терапии в случае наличия у пациента стенокардии напряжения, инфаркта миокарда в анамнезе, фибрилляции предсердий, хронической сердечной недостаточности. Необходимость нормализации показателей АД путем назначения комбинированной АГТ у пациентов с СД и ХБП объясняется снижением почечных и сердечно-сосудистых рисков, и, следовательно, снижением риска смертности у данной когорты пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая нефропатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>антигипертензивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic nephropathy</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>antihypertensive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarnak MJ, Levey AS. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease: a new paradigm. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35(4 suppl 1):S117-31. DOI:10.1016/s0272-6386(00)70239-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarnak MJ, Levey AS. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease: a new paradigm. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35(4 suppl 1):S117-31. DOI:10.1016/s0272-6386(00)70239-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеев В.С., Мухин Н.А., Смирнов А.В., и др. Сердечно-сосудистый риск и хроническая болезнь почек: стратегии кардио-нефропротекции. Российский Кардиологический Журнал. 2014;(8):7-37. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2014-8-7-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseev VC, Mukhin NA, Smirnov AV, et al. Cardiovascular risk and chronic kidney disease: cardio- nephroprotection strategies. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2014;(8):7-37 (In Russ.) DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2014-8-7-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Held PJ, Port FK, Webbet RL, et al. Excerpts from United States Renal Data System 1995 Annual Data Report. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26(4 Suppl 2):S1-186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Held PJ, Port FK, Webbet RL, et al. Excerpts from United States Renal Data System 1995 Annual Data Report. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26(4 Suppl 2):S1-186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albertus P, Morgenstern H, Robinson B, et al. Risk of ESRD in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Dec;68(6):862-872. DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albertus P, Morgenstern H, Robinson B, et al. Risk of ESRD in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Dec;68(6):862-872. DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Renal Association. UK Renal Registry 2014. Available from: https://www.renalreg.org/publications-reports/#reports.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Renal Association. UK Renal Registry 2014. Available from: https://www.renalreg.org/publications-reports/#reports.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Retnakaran R, Cull CA, Thorne RI, et al. for the UKPDS Study Group. Risk Factors for Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55(6):1832-9. DOI:10.2337/db05-1620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Retnakaran R, Cull CA, Thorne RI, et al. for the UKPDS Study Group. Risk Factors for Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55(6):1832-9. DOI:10.2337/db05-1620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шамхалова М.Ш., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., и др. Эпидемиология хронической болезни почек в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра взрослых пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013-2016 гг.). Сахарный Диабет. 2018;21(3):160-9. DOI:10.14341/DM9687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamkhalova MSh, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in the Russian Federation according to the Federal Register of Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (2013-2016). Diabetes Mellitus. 2018;21(3):160-9 (In Russ.) DOI:10.14341/DM9687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afkarian M, Sachs MC, Kestenbaum B, et al. Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:302-8. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2012070718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afkarian M, Sachs MC, Kestenbaum B, et al. Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 di-abetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:302-8. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2012070718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Assessing kidney function-measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2473-83. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra054415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Assessing kidney function-measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2473-83. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra054415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasslacher C, Ritz E, Wahl P, et al. Similar risks of nephropathy in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:859-63. DOI:10.1093/ndt/4.10.859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasslacher C, Ritz E, Wahl P, et al. Similar risks of nephropathy in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:859-63. DOI:10.1093/ndt/4.10.859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazzucco G, Bertani T, Fortunato M, et al. Different patterns of renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentric study on 393 biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:713-20. DOI:10.1053/ajkd.2002.31988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazzucco G, Bertani T, Fortunato M, et al. Different patterns of renal damage in type 2 diabetes mel- litus: A multicentric study on 393 biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:713-20. DOI:10.1053/ajkd.2002.31988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amoah E, Glickman JL, Malchoff CD, et al. Clinical identification of nondiabetic renal disease in diabetic patients with type I and type II disease presenting with renal dysfunction. Am J Nephrol. 1988;8:204-11. DOI:10.1159/000167584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amoah E, Glickman JL, Malchoff CD, et al. Clinical identification of nondiabetic renal disease in dia-betic patients with type I and type II disease presenting with renal dysfunction. Am J Nephrol. 1988;8:204-11. DOI:10.1159/000167584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collabo-ration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255-323. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collabo-ration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255-323. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce car-diovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2019;00:1-78. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce car-diovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2019;00:1-78. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2013;Suppl 3 (1):1-150. DOI:10.1038/kisup.2012.37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2013;Suppl 3 (1):1-150. DOI:10.1038/kisup.2012.37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хроническая болезнь почек. Клинические рекомендации. Ассоциация нефрологов России (2019). Доступно на: http://nonr.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Clin_guidlines_CKD_24.11_final-3-3.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chronic kidney disease. Clinical guidelines. Association of Nephrologists of Russia (2019). Available from: http://nonr.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Clin_guidlines_CKD_24.11_final-3-3.pdf (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии при хронической болезни почек. Клинические рекомендации. Научное общество нефрологов России, Ассоциация нефрологов России (2014). Доступно на: http://nonr.ru/wp-content/up-loads/2013/11/Клинические-рекомендации-по-лечению-АГ-при-ХБП-ГЭОТАР-последние.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Clinical guidelines. Scientific Society of Nephrologists of Russia, Association of Nephrologists of Russia. Available from: http://nonr. ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Клинические-рекомендации-по-лечению-АГ- при-ХБП-ГЭОТАР-последние.pdf  (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of medical care in diabetes 2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44 (Suppl 1):S151-67. DOI:10.2337/dc21-S011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of medical care in diabetes 2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44 (Suppl 1):S151-67. DOI:10.2337/dc21-S011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the man-agement of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the man-agement of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European So-ciety of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации (2020). Российский Кардиологический Журнал. 2020;25(3):37-86. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines (2020). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3):37-86 (In Russ.) DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sim JJ, Shi J, Kovesdy CP, et al. Impact of achieved blood pressures on mortality risk and end-stage renal disease among a large, diverse hypertension population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:588-97. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sim JJ, Shi J, Kovesdy CP, et al. Impact of achieved blood pressures on mortality risk and end-stage renal disease among a large, diverse hypertension population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:588-97. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным с сахарным диабетом. 9-й выпуск. М.: Российская ассоциация эндокринологов; 2019. DOI:10.14341/DM221S1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Algorithms for specialized medical care for patients with di-abetes mellitus. 9th edition. Moscow: Russian Association of Endocrinologists; 2019 (In Russ.) DOI:10.14341/DM221S1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome in-cidence in hypertension: 10 - Should blood pressure management differ in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus? Overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2017;35:922-44. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome in-cidence in hypertension: 10 - Should blood pressure management differ in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus? Overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2017;35:922-44. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on di-abetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1456-62. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199311113292004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on di-abetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1456-62. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199311113292004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen S, Tarnow L, Rossing P, et al. Renoprotective effects of angiotensinII receptor blockade in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2000;57:601-6. DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00880.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen S, Tarnow L, Rossing P, et al. Renoprotective effects of angiotensinII receptor blockade in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2000;57:601-6. DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00880.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, et al. Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhi-bition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1952-61. DOI:10.1056/NEJ-Moa042274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, et al. Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhi-bition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1952-61. DOI:10.1056/NEJ-Moa042274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, et al. Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination ther-apies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespec-ified secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:1173-81. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62100-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, et al. Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination ther-apies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespec-ified secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:1173-81. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62100-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трухан Д.И. Артериальная гипертензия и хроническая сердечная недостаточность: две цели и один препарат - фозиноприл. Consilium Medicum. 2018;20(5):50-5 DOI:10.26442/2075-1753_2018.5.50-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trukhan DI. Arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure: two targets and one drug - fosinopril. Consilium Medicum. 2018;20(5):50-5 (In RussDOI:10.26442/2075-1753_2018.5.50-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marin R, Ruilope LM, Aljama P, et al. A random comparison of fosinopril and nifedipine GITS in patients with primary renal disease. J Hypertens. 2001;19(10):1871-6. doi: 10.1097/00004872200110000-00023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marin R, Ruilope LM, Aljama P, et al. A random comparison of fosinopril and nifedipine GITS in patients with primary renal disease. J Hypertens. 2001;19(10):1871-6. doi: 10.1097/00004872200110000-00023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright JT, Bakris G, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002;288(19):2421-31. DOI:10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright JT, Bakris G, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002;288(19):2421-31. DOI:10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marre M, Puig JG, Kokot F et al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR study. J Hypertens. 2004;22(8):1613-22. DOI:10.1097/01.hjh.0000133733.32125.09.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marre M, Puig JG, Kokot F et al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR study. J Hypertens. 2004;22(8):1613-22. DOI:10.1097/01.hjh.0000133733.32125.09.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baguet JP, Robitail S, Boyer L, et al. A Meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5:131-40. DOI:10.2165/00044011-200727110-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baguet JP, Robitail S, Boyer L, et al. A Meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5:131-40. DOI:10.2165/00044011-200727110-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недогода С.В. Побочные эффекты тиазидных диуретиков: фокус на гипокалиемию. Consilium Medicum. 2007;5:77-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedogoda SV. Side effects of thiazide diuretics: focus on hypokalemia. Consilium Medicum. 2007;5:77-81 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel A, ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):829-40. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61303-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel A, ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):829-40. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61303-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трисветова Е.Л. Нефропротекция ингибитором ангиотензинпревращающего фермента лизиноприлом при артериальной гипертензии. Международные Обзоры: Клиническая Практика и Здоровье 2013;4;85-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Трисветова Е.Л. Нефропротекция ингибитором ангиотензинпревращающего фермента лизиноприлом при артериальной гипертензии. Международные Обзоры: Клиническая Практика и Здоровье 2013;4;85-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agardh CD, Garcia-Puig J, Charbonnei В, et al. Greater reduction of urinary albumin excretion in hy-pertensive type II diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy by lisinopril than by nifedipine. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10: 185-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agardh CD, Garcia-Puig J, Charbonnei В, et al. Greater reduction of urinary albumin excretion in hy-pertensive type II diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy by lisinopril than by nifedipine. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10: 185-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата Диротон®. Регистрационный номер П№011426/01. Доступно на: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/grls.aspx?s=Диротон&amp;m=tn.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Instructions for medical use of the drug Diroton®. registration number P№011426/01. Available from: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/grls.aspx?s=Диротон&amp;m=tn (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
