<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2022-06-04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2749</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on the Vascular State, Indicators of Glycemic Control and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние усиленной наружной контрпульсации  на состояние сосудистого русла, показатели  гликемического контроля и качество жизни  у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца  и сахарным диабетом 2 типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1172-1116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slepova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слепова Ольга Александровна - eLibrary SPIN 4571-0540</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Slepova - eLibrary SPIN 4571-0540</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slepova_o_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лишута</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lishuta</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лишута Алексей Сергеевич - eLibrarySPIN 4365-4788</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Lishuta - eLibrarySPIN 4365-4788</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-7477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильцова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiltsova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильцова Елизавета Юрьевна</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elisaveta Yu. Vasiltsova</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-7557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привалова Елена Витальевна - eLibrary SPIN 4321-4321.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Privalova - eLibrary SPIN 4321-4321.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-6129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkov</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беленков Юрий Никитич</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri N. Belenkov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова  (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Slepova O.A., Lishuta A.S., Vasiltsova E.Y., Privalova E.V., Belenkov Y.N., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слепова О.А., Лишута А.С., Васильцова Е.Ю., Привалова Е.В., Беленков Ю.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slepova O.A., Lishuta A.S., Vasiltsova E.Y., Privalova E.V., Belenkov Y.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2749">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2749</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the effect of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on the functional status, quality of life, structural and functional state of the vascular bed, and markers of glycemic control in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A pilot prospective randomized study included 30 patients with CAD and DM. Using a random number generator, patients were randomized into 2 groups: EECP (n=15) and a comparison group (n=15). All patients (n=30) received optimal medical therapy (OMT) during 3 months of follow-up. Patients in the EECP group underwent a course of EECP (35 hours, cuff pressure: 220-280 mmHg) during the first 7 weeks of the study. At baseline and after 3 months of follow-up, patients in both groups underwent an assessment of clinical status, quality of life (based on the SF-36 questionnaire), as well as a 6-minute walk test to assess exercise tolerance. The dynamics of fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin were assessed. Photoplethysmography and applanation tonometry were performed to assess the state of the vascular bed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the EECP group, after 3 months, there was a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks and an improvement in the functional class of angina according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification. A significant improvement in exercise tolerance was revealed [an increase in the 6-minute walking distance by 51 (35; 65) m, p&lt;0.05], as well as an improvement in the physical and mental components of health according to the SF-36 questionnaire. A positive dynamics was shown in relation to the indicators of the state of both large vessels and the microvasculature (p&gt;0.05), with the exception of the reflection index and the stiffness index (p&lt;0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the HOMA-IR [-9.9% (-26.5; -4.0) vs 7.7% (-7.9; 13.8), p=0.004], as well as in the levels of fasting glucose [-10.5% (-15.8; -4.0) vs -2.7 (-8.3; 5.9), p=0.012] in the EECP group, compared with the OMT group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. EECP course therapy in addition to OMT has a positive effect on the functional status and quality of life of patients with CAD and DM. After 3 months of observation, there was noted a positive dynamics of the vascular state, as well as markers of glycemic control, and these changes were more pronounced in the EECP group. The results obtained may indicate the effectiveness of EECP as an add-on treatment for this group of patients.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияние усиленной наружной контрпульсации (УНКП) на клинический статус, качество жизни, структурное и функциональное состояние сосудистого русла и маркеры гликемического контроля у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В пилотное проспективное рандомизированное исследование были включены 30 пациентов с ИБС и СД 2 типа [12 женщин и 18 мужчин; медиана возраста 66,5 (60; 72) лет]. При помощи генератора случайных чисел проведена рандомизация пациентов на 2 группы: УНКП (n=15) и группу сравнения (n=15). Все пациенты (n=30) получали оптимальную медикаментозную терапию (ОМТ) в течение 3 мес наблюдения. Пациентам группы УНКП в течение первых 7 нед исследования проводился курс УНКП (35 часов, давление в манжетах: 220-280 мм рт.ст.). Исходно и через 3 мес наблюдения, пациентам обеих групп проводилась оценка клинического статуса, качества жизни (на основании опросника SF-36), а также тест 6-минутной ходьбы (6МХТ) для оценки толерантности к физической нагрузке. Оценивалась динамика уровня гликемии натощак, постпрандиальной гликемии, индекса инсулинорезистентности (HOMA-IR) и гликированного гемоглобина. Для оценки состояния сосудистого русла были выполнены фотоплетизмография и аппланационная тонометрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе УНКП через 3 мес наблюдалось уменьшение частоты приступов стенокардии и улучшение функционального класса стенокардии по классификации Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS). Выявлено значимое улучшение толерантности к физической нагрузке [прирост дистанции по тесту 6МХТ на 51 (35; 65) м, p&lt;0,05], а также улучшение физического и психологического компонентов здоровья по данным опросника SF-36. Отмечена положительная динамика показателей, отражающих состояние как крупных сосудов, так и микроциркуляторного русла (р&gt;0,05), за исключением индекса отражения и индекса жесткости (p&lt;0,05). В группе УНКП по сравнению с группой ОМТ отмечена значимая динамика HOMA-IR [-9,9% (-26,5; -4,0) против 7,7% (-7,9; 13,8), p=0,004], а также уровней гликемии натощак [10,5% (-15,8; -4,0) против -2,7 (-8,3; 5,9), p=0,012].</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Курсовая терапия УНКП в дополнение к ОМТ оказала положительное влияние на клинический статус и качество жизни пациентов с ИБС, осложненной СД 2 типа. Через 3 мес наблюдения отмечена позитивная динамика состояния сосудистого русла, а также маркеров гликемического контроля, более выраженная в группе УНКП. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать об эффективности УНКП в качестве добавочного лечения для этой группы пациентов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>усиленная наружная контрпульсация</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>сосудистое русло</kwd><kwd>маркеры гликемического контроля</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enhanced external counterpulsation</kwd><kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>vascular bed</kwd><kwd>markers of glycemic control</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке Сеченовского Университета</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed with the support of the Sechenov University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jan R, Khan A, Zahid S, et al. The Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) on Quality of life in Patient with Coronary Artery Disease not Amenable to PCI or CABG. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e7987. DOI:10.7759/cureus.7987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jan R, Khan A, Zahid S, et al. The Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) on Quality of life in Patient with Coronary Artery Disease not Amenable to PCI or CABG. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e7987. DOI:10.7759/cureus.7987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu E, Desta L, Broström A, Mårtensson J. Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation Treatment on Symptom Burden, Medication Profile, Physical Capacity, Cardiac Anxiety, and HealthRelated Quality of Life in Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;35(4):37585. DOI:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu E, Desta L, Broström A, Mårtensson J. Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation Treatment on Symptom Burden, Medication Profile, Physical Capacity, Cardiac Anxiety, and HealthRelated Quality of Life in Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;35(4):37585. DOI:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000638.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beck DT, Casey DP, Martin JS, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation reduces indices of central blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;42(4):315-20. DOI:10.1111/1440-1681.12367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beck DT, Casey DP, Martin JS, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation reduces indices of central blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;42(4):315-20. DOI:10.1111/1440-1681.12367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma U, Ramsey HK, Tak T. The role of enhanced external counter pulsation therapy in clinical practice. Clin Med Res. 2013;11(4):226-32. DOI:10.3121/cmr.2013.1169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma U, Ramsey HK, Tak T. The role of enhanced external counter pulsation therapy in clinical practice. Clin Med Res. 2013;11(4):226-32. DOI:10.3121/cmr.2013.1169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawson WE, Hui JC, Kennard ED, Linnemeier G; IEPR-II Investigators. Enhanced External Counterpulsation Is Cost-Effective in Reducing Hospital Costs in Refractory Angina Patients. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38(6): 344-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawson WE, Hui JC, Kennard ED, Linnemeier G; IEPR-II Investigators. Enhanced External Counterpulsation Is Cost-Effective in Reducing Hospital Costs in Refractory Angina Patients. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38(6): 344-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караганов К.С., Слепова О.А., Лишута А.С., и др. Среднесрочное влияние усиленной наружной контрпульсации на структурно-функциональные показатели сосудов у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2021;17(4):557-63. DOI:10.20996/18196446-2021-08-03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaganov KS, Slepova OA, Lishuta AS, et al. Medium-term Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Structural and Functional Parameters of Blood Vessels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(4):557-63 (In Russ.) DOI:10.20996/18196446-2021-08-03.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, et al.; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 60484-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, et al.; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 60484-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ram E, Sternik L, Klempfner R, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the mortality risk after acute coronary syndrome treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):86. DOI:10.1186/s12933-020-01069-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ram E, Sternik L, Klempfner R, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the mortality risk after acute coronary syndrome treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):86. DOI:10.1186/s12933-020-01069-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaze AD, Santhanam P, Musani SK, et al. Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings From the Look AHEAD Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(7):e016947. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.120.016947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaze AD, Santhanam P, Musani SK, et al. Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings From the Look AHEAD Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(7):e016947. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.120.016947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(19):e779-e806. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(19):e779-e806. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bundhun PK, Bhurtu A, Yuan J. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the long-term mortality in patients who were treated by coronary artery bypass surgery: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(22):e7022. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000007022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bundhun PK, Bhurtu A, Yuan J. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the long-term mortality in patients who were treated by coronary artery bypass surgery: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(22):e7022. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000007022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman JD, Anthopolos R, Mancini GBJ, et al. Outcomes of Participants With Diabetes in the ISCHEMIA Trials. Circulation. 2021;144(17):1380-195. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman JD, Anthopolos R, Mancini GBJ, et al. Outcomes of Participants With Diabetes in the ISCHEMIA Trials. Circulation. 2021;144(17):1380-195. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahebjami F, Madani FR, Komasi S, et al. Refractory angina frequencies during 7 weeks treatment by enhanced external counterpulsation in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes. Ann Card Anaesth. 2019;22(3):278-82. DOI:10.4103/aca.ACA_86_18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahebjami F, Madani FR, Komasi S, et al. Refractory angina frequencies during 7 weeks treatment by enhanced external counterpulsation in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes. Ann Card Anaesth. 2019;22(3):278-82. DOI:10.4103/aca.ACA_86_18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin JS, Beck DT, Aranda JM Jr, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation improves peripheral artery function and glucose tolerance in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112(5):868-76. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01336.2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin JS, Beck DT, Aranda JM Jr, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation improves peripheral artery function and glucose tolerance in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112(5):868-76. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01336.2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin JS, Beck DT, Braith RW. Peripheral resistance artery blood flow in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance is improved following enhanced external counterpulsation therapy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(5):596-9. DOI:10.1139/apnm-2013-0497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin JS, Beck DT, Braith RW. Peripheral resistance artery blood flow in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance is improved following enhanced external counterpulsation therapy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(5):596-9. DOI:10.1139/apnm-2013-0497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora RR, Chou TM, Jain D, et al. The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(7):1833-40. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00140-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora RR, Chou TM, Jain D, et al. The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(7):1833-40. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00140-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiong Y, Ren YF, Xu J, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation inhibits endothelial apoptosis via modulation of BIRC2 and Apaf-1 genes in porcine hypercholesterolemia. Int J Cardiol. 2014;171(2):161-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiong Y, Ren YF, Xu J, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation inhibits endothelial apoptosis via modulation of BIRC2 and Apaf-1 genes in porcine hypercholesterolemia. Int J Cardiol. 2014;171(2):161-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu L, Chen X, Cui M, et al. The improvement of the shear stress and oscillatory shear index of coronary arteries during Enhanced External Counterpulsation in patients with coronary heart disease. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230144. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0230144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu L, Chen X, Cui M, et al. The improvement of the shear stress and oscillatory shear index of coronary arteries during Enhanced External Counterpulsation in patients with coronary heart disease. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230144. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0230144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y, Xiong Y, Liu D, et al. The effect of enhanced external counterpulsation on C-reactive protein and flow-mediated dilation in porcine model of hypercholesterolaemia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2012;32(4):262-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01120.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y, Xiong Y, Liu D, et al. The effect of enhanced external counterpulsation on C-reactive protein and flow-mediated dilation in porcine model of hypercholesterolaemia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2012;32(4):262-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01120.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation inhibits intimal hyperplasia by modifying shear stress responsive gene expression in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Circulation. 2007;116(5):526-34. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, et al. Enhanced external counterpulsation inhibits intimal hyperplasia by modifying shear stress responsive gene expression in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Circulation. 2007;116(5):526-34. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh LK, Ghiarone T, Olver TD, et al. Increased endothelial shear stress improves insulin-stimulated vasodilatation in skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2019;597(1):57-69. DOI:10.1113/JP277050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh LK, Ghiarone T, Olver TD, et al. Increased endothelial shear stress improves insulin-stimulated vasodilatation in skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2019;597(1):57-69. DOI:10.1113/JP277050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sardina PD, Martin JS, Dzieza WK, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) decreases advanced glycation end products and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with non-insulindependent type II diabetes mellitus for up to 6 months following treatment. Acta Diabetol. 2016;53(5):753-60. DOI:10.1007/s00592-016-0869-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sardina PD, Martin JS, Dzieza WK, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) decreases advanced glycation end products and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with non-insulindependent type II diabetes mellitus for up to 6 months following treatment. Acta Diabetol. 2016;53(5):753-60. DOI:10.1007/s00592-016-0869-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sardina PD, Martin JS, Avery JC, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) improves biomarkers of glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus for up to 3 months following treatment. Acta Diabetol. 2016;53(5):745-52. DOI:10.1007/s00592016-0866-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sardina PD, Martin JS, Avery JC, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) improves biomarkers of glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus for up to 3 months following treatment. Acta Diabetol. 2016;53(5):745-52. DOI:10.1007/s00592016-0866-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
