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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2022-05-01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Modern Approaches to the Interpretation of the Results of Large Randomized Clinical Trials</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к интерпретации результатов крупных рандомизированных клинических  исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-1848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиляревский</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyarevsky</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гиляревский Сергей Руджерович</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sgilarevsky@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>311</fpage><lpage>319</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gilyarevsky S.R., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гиляревский С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gilyarevsky S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2754">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2754</self-uri><abstract><p>Modern approaches to interpreting the results of randomized trials, which can reduce the distortion of information when they are presented to a wide range of doctors, are discussed in the article. Data on the role of taking into account multiple comparisons in the planning and analysis of large randomized clinical trials are given. The validity and approaches to using a hierarchical approach to assessing the statistical significance of indicators (“endpoints”) in cases where, in accordance with a pre-adopted study protocol, several indicators are supposed to be evaluated are considered in detail. Approaches to interpreting the p value as well as 95% confidence intervals are considered. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the components of the main combined indicator, since when interpreting just such data, the presentation of the results of the study and the manipulation of doctors' opinions may be distorted. This is especially true for data on mortality and mortality from complications of cardiovascular diseases. Modern approaches to the analysis of research results using methods other than the usual Kaplan-Meier analysis, in particular, the method based on the calculation of the "win ratio" are discussed. Data obtained in modern clinical studies are given as examples.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье обсуждаются современные подходы к интерпретации результатов рандомизированных исследований, которые позволяют уменьшить искажения информации при их представлении широкому кругу врачей. Приводятся данные о роли учета множественных сравнений при планировании и анализе крупных рандомизированных клинических исследований. Подробно рассматривается обоснованность и подходы к использованию иерархического подхода к оценке статистической значимости показателей («конечных точек») в тех случаях, когда в соответствии с заранее принятым протоколом исследования предполагается оценивать несколько показателей. Рассматриваются подходы к интерпретации значения p, а также 95% доверительных интервалов. Особое внимание в статье уделяется интерпретации компонентов основного комбинированного показателя, так как при интерпретации именно таких данных возможны искажения представления результатов исследования и манипуляции мнением врачей. Особенно это касается данных о смертности и смертности от осложнений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Обсуждаются современные подходы к анализу результатов исследования с помощью методов, отличных от привычного анализа Каплана-Мейера, в частности, метода, основанного на расчете показателя «win ratio». В качестве примеров приводятся данные, полученные в современных клинических исследованиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рандомизированные клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>комбинированные показатели</kwd><kwd>учет множественных сравнений</kwd><kwd>иерархический подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>randomized clinical trials</kwd><kwd>combined scores</kwd><kwd>multiple comparisons</kwd><kwd>hierarchical approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laporte S, Diviné M, Girault D. Clinical research and methodology: What usage and what hierarchical order for secondary endpoints? Therapie. 2016;71(1):27-41. DOI:10.1016/j.therap.2016.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laporte S, Diviné M, Girault D. Clinical research and methodology: What usage and what hierarchical order for secondary endpoints? 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