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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2023-02-03</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NOTES FROM PRACTICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effect of Antibiotic Therapy on the Sensitivity of Etiological Diagnostic Methods in Patients with Infective Endocarditis after Surgery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние антибактериальной терапии на чувствительность методов этиологической диагностики у оперированных пациентов с инфекционным эндокардитом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-5089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Елизавета Олеговна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta O. Kotova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pisaryuk_as@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-5258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеева Александра Юрьевна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Yu. Moiseeva.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-1768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобалава</surname><given-names>Ж. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobalava</surname><given-names>Zh. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобалава Жанна Давидовна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna D. Kobalava.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домонова</surname><given-names>Э. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Домонова Эльвира Алексеевна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira A. Domonova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-4322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарюк</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisaruk</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Писарюк Александра Сергеевна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra S. Pisaryuk.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-9765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сильвейстрова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silveistrova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сильвейстрова Ольга Юрьевна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Silveystrova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-5012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кахкцян</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakhktsyan</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кахкцян Павел Вараздатович.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kakhktsyan.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-8082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимиров Виталий Васильевич.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Vladimirov.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский Университет Дружбы Народов (РУДН), Медицинский институт; Городская клиническая больница им. В.В. Виноградова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN); City Hospital named after V.V. Vinogradov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский Университет Дружбы Народов (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of The Federal Service on Customers'  Rights Protection and Human  Well-being Surveillance</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kotova E.O., Moiseeva A.Y., Kobalava Z.D., Domonova E.A., Pisaruk A.S., Silveistrova O.Y., Kakhktsyan P.V., Vladimirov V.V., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котова Е.О., Моисеева А.Ю., Кобалава Ж.Д., Домонова Э.A., Писарюк А.С., Сильвейстрова О.Ю., Кахкцян П.В., Владимиров В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotova E.O., Moiseeva A.Y., Kobalava Z.D., Domonova E.A., Pisaruk A.S., Silveistrova O.Y., Kakhktsyan P.V., Vladimirov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2880">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2880</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Assessment of impact  of the duration  of preoperative  antimicrobial  therapy  (AMT) on the sensitivity  of microbiological examination and polymerase  chain reaction (PCR) of blood/tissues of resected valves in operated patients with infective endocarditis  (IE).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 52 operated patients with active IE were included prospectively (Duke criteria, 2015). All patients underwent microbiological examination of blood  before  admission  to the cardiac  surgery  hospital,  as well as parallel  simultaneous microbiological examination and  PCR  of blood/tissues of excised  valves,  followed  by Sanger  sequencing. The duration  of preoperative  treatment  was  calculated  from the first day of AMT according to IE diagnosis to the day of surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The causative agent of IE was established in 84.6% (n=44) patients by means of complex etiological diagnosis. A significant  decrease in the sensitivity of microbiological examination of venous blood was revealed when performed  in the period before and after hospitalization to a surgical hospital (up 44.2% to 17.3%, p&lt;0.05). When comparing microbiological examination of blood/tissues of resected valves and PCR of blood/tissues of resected valves, molecular biological  methods demonstrated the greatest sensitivity, with a great advantage when examining the tissues of resected valves (17.3% and 19.2% vs. 38.5% and 75.0%, respectively;  p&lt;0.001). The microbiological examination of venous blood performed  at an early date before admission  to the cardiac  surgery  hospital was comparable in sensitivity to the PCR blood test performed  at a later date after prolonged AMT,  and significantly less sensitive in relation to the PCR of resected valve tissues [44.2% and 38.5% (p&gt;0.05) vs. 75.0% (p&lt;0.05)]. In course of AMT 1-28 days,  there were comparable results of microbiological examination with PCR blood examination and significantly better results of PCR of resected valve tissues [31.0% and 34.5% and 41.4% (p&gt;0.05) vs 72.4% (p&lt;0.001), respectively], and with AMT ≥ 29 days, microbiological examination of any biological  material was negative  in all patients,  and PCR of blood/tissues of resected valves retained high sensitivity (0% and 0% vs. 34.8% and 78.3%, respectively; p&lt;0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Long-term preoperative AMT significantly reduced the sensitivity of microbiological examination of resected valve blood/tissue in operated patients with IE, whereas PCR of resected valve blood/tissue was highly sensitive even with preoperative AMT for more than 29 days.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка  влияния  длительности дооперационной антибактериальной терапии  (АБТ) на чувствительность микробиологического исследования (МБИ) и ПЦР-исследования крови/тканей резецированных клапанов у оперированных пациентов с инфекционным эндокардитом (ИЭ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проспективно включено  52  оперированных пациента  с активным  ИЭ (критерии Дюка, 2015). Всем пациентам выполнялись  МБИ крови до поступления в кардиохирургический стационар, а также параллельные одномоментные МБИ и ПЦР-исследование крови/тканей иссеченных клапанов с последующим секвенированием по Сэнгеру  в кардиохирургическом стационаре. Продолжительность дооперационного лечения рассчитывали от первого  дня АБТ по диагнозу  ИЭ до дня операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При проведении комплексной этиологической диагностикой возбудитель ИЭ установлен у 84,6% (n=44) пациентов. Выявлено значительное снижение чувствительности МБИ венозной  крови при выполнении в срок до и после госпитализации в кардиохирургический стационар (с 44,2% до 17,3%; p&lt;0,05). При сравнении МБИ крови/тканей резецированных клапанов и ПЦР-исследования крови/тканей резецированных клапанов, наибольшую чувствительность продемонстрировали молекулярно-биологические методы,  с большим преимуществом при изучении тканей резецированных клапанов (17,3% и 19,2% против 38,5% и 75,0%, соответственно; р&lt;0,001). МБИ венозной крови,  выполненное в ранние  сроки  до поступления в кардиохирургический стационар, было сопоставимо по чувствительности с ПЦР-исследованием крови,  выполненным в поздние сроки на фоне длительной АБТ, и значительно менее чувствительным по отношению  к ПЦР-исследованию тканей резецированных клапанов [44,2% и 38,5% (p&gt;0,05) против 75,0% (p&lt;0,05)]. При АБТ 1-28 дней имелись сопоставимые результаты  МБИ  с ПЦР-исследованием крови  и значимо  лучшие  результаты  ПЦР-исследования тканей  резецированных клапанов [31,0%, 34,5% и 41,4% (p&gt;0,05), против  72,4% (р&lt;0,001), соответственно], а при  АБТ  ≥ 29  дней  МБИ  любого  биологического материала оказались отрицательными у всех  пациентов, а ПЦР-исследования крови/тканей резецированных клапанов сохранили высокую  чувствительность (0% и 0% против  34,8% и 78,3%, соответственно; p&lt;0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Длительная дооперационная АБТ значимо  снижала чувствительность МБИ крови/тканей резецированных клапанов у оперированных пациентов с ИЭ,  тогда  как ПЦР-исследования крови/тканей резецированных клапанов отличались высокой  чувствительностью даже при АБТ &gt;29 дней.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекционный эндокардит</kwd><kwd>микробиологическое (культуральное) исследование</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-биологические методы</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>этиологическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infective endocarditis</kwd><kwd>microbiological (cultural) methods</kwd><kwd>molecular biological methods</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>etiological diagnostics</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 22-75-10012) с  использованием  биоматериала человека, собранного и сохраняемого в рамках научной программы.  Оборудование для сбора, хранения и транспортировки  биоматериала  человека, оборудование  для  обследования пациентов приобретено за счет средств  Программы стратегического академического лидерства РУДН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The  work  was  supported  by  a grant  from the  Russian   Science  Foundation   (project   no.  22-75-10012) using human biomaterial collected and preserved as part of a scientific program. Equipment for the collection, storage  and transportation of human biomaterial,  equipment for examining patients was purchased at the expense of the Strategic  Academic Leadership  Program  of RUDN University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahill TJ, Prendergast BD. Infective endocarditis. Lancet. 2016;387(10021):882-93. 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