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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2024-2941</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-2941</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effect of CYP3A4/5, ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on the residual equilibrium concentration of apixaban and bleeding in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние полиморфизмов генов CYP3A4/5, ABCB1 на остаточную равновесную концентрацию апиксабана и развитие кровотечений у пациентов с неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий и тромбозом глубоких вен</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-9535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федина Людмила Владимировна, аспирант кафедры клинической фармакологии и терапии имени академика Б.Е. Вотчала</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Fedina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedina201368@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-3442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Игорь Николаевич </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Sychev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sychevigor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзаев</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzaev</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирзаев Карин Бадавиевич </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karin B. Mirzayev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karin05doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-3740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варданян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vardanyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варданян Аршак Варданович </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arshak V. Vardanyan</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vardanyan-med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глаголев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glagolev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глаголев Сергей Владимирович </p><p>Рахмановский пер., д. 3, Москва, 127994</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Glagolev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">press@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3194-4410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Качанова Анастасия Алексеевна </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kachanova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aakachanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-5969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочков Павел Олегович </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel О. Bochkov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bok-of@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-7733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Роман Владимирович </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Shevchenko</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmn.shev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2744-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тучкова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuchkova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тучкова Светлана Николаевна </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Tuchkova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana.tuch1998@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Иван Витальевич </p><p>Саранск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Sychev</p><p>Saransk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sychev_iv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Ш. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуллаев Шерзод Пардабоевич </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sherzod P. Abdullaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullaevsp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич </p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, строение 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.alex.sychev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н. П. Огарева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovian State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fedina l.V., Sychev i.N., Mirzaev K.V., Vardanyan A.V., Glagolev S.V., Kachanova A.A., Bochkov P.O., Shevchenko R.V., Tuchkova S.N., Sychev I.V., Abdullaev S.P., Sychev D.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федина Л.В., Сычев И.Н., Мирзаев К.Б., Варданян А.В., Глаголев С.В., Качанова А.А., Бочков П.О., Шевченко Р.В., Тучкова С.Н., Сычев И.В., Абдуллаев Ш.П., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedina l.V., Sychev i.N., Mirzaev K.V., Vardanyan A.V., Glagolev S.V., Kachanova A.A., Bochkov P.O., Shevchenko R.V., Tuchkova S.N., Sychev I.V., Abdullaev S.P., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2941">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2941</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of polymorphic markers of CYP3A4*22 CYP3A4*22 (c.522-191C&gt;T, rs35599367), CYP3A5*3 (c.219237A&gt;G, rs776746), ABCB1 rs1045642 (c.3435T&gt;C) and rs4148738 (c.2692-2236C&gt;T) genes on the plasma concentration of apixaban, on changes in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and bleeding development in patients taking apixaban.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 108 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis receiving apixaban in therapeutic doses. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apixaban concentrations were measured using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in positive ionization mode. Because the daily dose of apixaban was different (5, 10, and 20 mg daily), the residual equilibrium concentration (Cmin,ss) of apixaban was adjusted relative to the daily drug dose (Cmin,ss/D). PT and APTT were determined using an automatic coagulometer analyzer Destiny Max (Tcoag, Ireland). Statistical processing was performed in SPSS Statistics 20.0 program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We found that patients with CT ABCB1 (rs4148738) C&gt;T genotype had higher Cmin,ss /D value than patients with TT genotype (6.23 [4;13] vs 5.77 [4;17], p=0.018). No statistically significant associations were found between carriage of CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C&gt;T, CYP3A5*3 A&gt;G, ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T gene polymorphisms and Cmin,ss /D value of apixaban. Also, there was no significant effect of carrying polymorphisms rs35599367, rs776746, rs4148738,rs4148642, and the above genes on the risks of hemorrhagic complications. However, the influence of ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T polymorphism on the PT value was found (TT ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T genotype carriers the CT value wassignificantly higher than in CT genotype (17.0 [40;112] vs. 14.9 [35;132]) p=0.044).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It was found that the Cmin,ss /D value was higher in patients with CT ABCB1 (rs4148738) C&gt;T genotype than in patients with TT genotype. At the same time, carriage of polymorphisms of CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C&gt;T, CYP3A5*3 A&gt;G, ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T genes did not affect the pharmacokinetics of apixaban and the risk of bleeding. We also identified the effect of ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T gene polymorphism on the PT value.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение влияния полиморфных маркеров генов CYP3A4*22 (c.522-191C&gt;T, rs35599367), CYP3A5*3 (c.219-237A&gt;G, rs776746), ABCB1 rs1045642 (c.3435T&gt;C) и rs4148738 (c.2692-2236C&gt;T) на плазменную концентрацию апиксабана, на изменение протромбинового времени (ПВ), активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени (АЧТВ) и развитие кровотечений у пациентов, принимающих апиксабан.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены 108 пациентов с неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и тромбозом глубоких вен (ТГВ), получающих апиксабан в терапевтических дозах. Генотипирование осуществляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Измерение концентраций апиксабана проводилось с помощью масс-спектрометра с ионизацией электроспреем в режиме положительной ионизации. Поскольку суточная доза апиксабана была различной (5, 10 и 20 мг в сутки), остаточная равновесная концентрация (Сmin,ss) апиксабана была скорректирована относительно суточной дозы лекарственного средства (Сmin,ss/D). Показатели ПВ и АЧТВ определялись с помощью автоматического анализатора-коагулометра Destiny Max (Tcoag, Ирландия). Статистическая обработка проводилась в программе SPSS Statistics 20.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с генотипом СТ ABCB1 (rs4148738) C&gt;T значение Сmin,ss /D, было выше, чем у пациентов с генотипом TT (6,23 [4;13] против 5,77 [4;17] p=0,018). Не было обнаружено статистически значимых ассоциаций между носительством полиморфизмов генов CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C&gt;T, CYP3A5*3 A&gt;G, ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T и значением Сmin,ss/D апиксабана. Также не было обнаружено статистически значимого влияния носительства полиморфизмов rs35599367, rs776746, rs4148738, rs4148642 и вышеуказанных генов на риски развития геморрагических осложнений. Однако, было установлено влияние полиморфизма ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T на значение ПВ (у носителей генотипа TT ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T значение ПВ было статистически значимо выше, чем у генотипа CT (17,0 [40;112] против 14,9 [35;132]), p=0,044).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Было обнаружено, что у пациентов с генотипом СТ ABCB1 (rs4148738) C&gt;T значение Сmin,ss /D, было выше, чем у пациентов с генотипом TT. При этом носительство полиморфизмов генов CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C&gt;T, CYP3A5*3 A&gt;G, ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T не влияло на фармакокинетику апиксабана и риски развития кровотечений. Также выявлено влияние полиморфизма гена ABCB1 (rs1045642) C&gt;T на значение ПВ.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>ФП</kwd><kwd>ТГВ</kwd><kwd>персонализированная терапия</kwd><kwd>полиморфизмы генов CYP3A4/5</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>AF</kwd><kwd>DVT</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd><kwd>CYP3A4/5</kwd><kwd>ABCB1 gene polymorphisms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда 22-15-00251 №122060600001-4, "Персонализированное применение прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов на основе фармакогеномного подхода". Авторы не имеют других соответствующих связей или финансового участия с какой-либо организацией или предприятием, имеющим финансовый интерес или финансовый конфликт с предметом или материалами, обсуждаемыми в рукописи, кроме тех, которые были раскрыты.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant 22-15-00251 №122060600001-4, "Personalized Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Based on a Pharmacogenomic Approach". The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or enterprise that has a financial interest or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript, other than those disclosed</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaudhary R, Sharma T, Garg J, et al. 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