rpcardioRational Pharmacotherapy in CardiologyРациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии1819-64462225-3653«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.20996/1819-6446-2023-2973TFAGIHrpcardio-2973Research ArticleASSOCIATED PROBLEMS OF CARDIOLOGYСМЕЖНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИDaily breakfast: will skipping a morning meal become a new prognostic marker?Ежедневный завтрак: станет ли пропуск утреннего приема пищи новым прогностическим маркером?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-4144ШвабскаяО. Б.ShvabskaiaO. B.

Швабская Ольга Борисовна - научный сотрудник, лаборатория эпидемиологии питания.

Москва

Olga B. Shvabskaia.

Moscow

shvabol@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-712XКарамноваН. С.KaramnovaN. S.

Карамнова Наталья Станиславовна - ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель, лаборатория эпидемиологии питания.

Москва

Natalia S. Karamnova.

Moscow

nkaramnova@gnicpm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Драпкина Оксана Михайловна.

Москва

Oksana M. Drapkina.

Moscow

ODrapkina@gnicpm.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медициныРоссияNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineRussian Federation202307112023195528535Copyright © Shvabskaia O.B., Karamnova N.S., Drapkina O.M., 20232023Швабская О.Б., Карамнова Н.С., Драпкина О.М.Shvabskaia O.B., Karamnova N.S., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/2973

The increase in the prevalence of dietary risk factors and non-communicable diseases over the past decades has led to the search for new predictors, one of which is skipping breakfast. The article examines the potential of using the "daily breakfast"/"skipping breakfast" criterion as a prognostic marker. The results of studies on the correlation of daily breakfast with dietary risk factors (obesity and hypertension), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and the risk of cardiovascular death are presented and analyzed. The effect of breakfast on the depression risk, which is an independent marker of cardiovascular diseases, is being studied. Also, possible pathogenetic mechanisms linking skipping breakfast with increased blood pressure are discussed. Research data is provided confirming the importance of morning meals for health. The article presents data on the prevalence of daily breakfast in the Russian population and in the populations of other countries with developed economies. Information is provided on the history of studying the effect of daily breakfast on health. Also, controversial scientific data is provided on the effect of skipping breakfast on body weight and its effective control. The role of morning meals in weight reduction programs is fully discussed. The issues of connection between the morning meal and daily calorie intake, the nutritional value of consumption of total protein, vitamins and minerals, as well as the uniform meal distribution across the day are considered. Data from a scientific discussion on the criteria for an "ideal" breakfast are presented, and general recommendations on the energy and nutritional value of a morning meal and the optimal composition of food are outlined.

Рост распространённости алиментарно-зависимых  факторов риска и хронических неинфекционных заболеваний за последние десятилетия привел к поиску новых показателей предсказательного характера, одним из которых, наряду с "питанием вне дома", "распределением пищевой нагрузки в течении дня", стал показатель нарушения режима питания — "пропуск завтрака".  В статье с разных позиций рассматривается возможность использования критерия "ежедневный завтрак"/"пропуск завтрака" в качестве прогностического маркера. Приводятся и анализируются результаты проведенных исследований о связи ежедневного завтрака с алиментарно-зависимыми факторами риска (ожирением и артериальной гипертонией), сахарным диабетом второго типа, сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и риском сердечно-сосудистой смерти. Изучается влияние завтрака на риск развития депрессии, представляющей независимый маркер развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Также, обсуждаются возможные патогенетические механизмы связи пропуска завтрака с повышением артериального давления. Приводятся данные научных исследований, подтверждающие  важность утреннего приема пищи для здоровья. В статье представлены данные о распространённости ежедневного завтрака в российской популяции и в популяциях других экономически развитых стран. Приведена информация об истории изучения влияния ежедневного завтрака на здоровье. Также, приводятся спорные научные данные о влиянии пропуска завтрака на массу тела и её эффективный контроль. Всесторонне обсуждается роль утреннего приема пищи в программах редукции массы тела. Рассмотрены вопросы связи наличия утреннего приема пищи и суточной калорийности, полноценности рациона по потреблению общего белка, витаминов и минералов, а также равномерности распределения пищевой нагрузки в течение дня. Приведены данные научной дискуссии о критериях "идеального" завтрака, изложены общие рекомендации по энергетической и пищевой ценности утреннего приема пищи и оптимальности продуктового состава.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.