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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2024-3048</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BSBCTV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-3048</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prevalence of chronic myocarditis in patients with atrial fibrillation according to the results of a single-center study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Частота выявления хронического миокардита у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий по результатам одноцентрового исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-361X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арчаков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archakov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арчаков Евгений Александрович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii A. Archakov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aea_cardio@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-3932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баталов</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batalov</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баталов Роман Ефимович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman E. Batalov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romancer@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-5204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлынин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlynin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хлынин Михаил Сергеевич.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Khlynin.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mskhlynin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-9904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драгунова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dragunova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драгунова Марина Александровна.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Dragunova.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirsay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-3642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситкова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitkova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ситкова Екатерина Сергеевна.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Sitkova.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ses@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-052X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эшматов</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eshmatov</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эшматов Отабек Рахимжанович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Otabek R. Eshmatov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atabek_eshmatov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-8493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Московских</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskovskikh</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московских Татьяна Валерьевна.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Moskovskikh.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moskovskih_tanya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-9647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенков</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenkov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усенков Станислав Юрьевич.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav U. Usenkov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sturus@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-6027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Иван Вадимович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Stepanov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_v_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-3998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Сергей Александрович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Afanasyev.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tursky@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-4493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Сергей Валентинович.</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Popov.</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psv@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>409</fpage><lpage>417</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Archakov E.A., Batalov R.E., Khlynin M.S., Dragunova M.A., Sitkova E.S., Eshmatov O.R., Moskovskikh T.V., Usenkov S.Y., Stepanov I.V., Afanasyev S.A., Popov S.V., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арчаков Е.А., Баталов Р.Е., Хлынин М.С., Драгунова М.А., Ситкова Е.С., Эшматов О.Р., Московских Т.В., Усенков С.Ю., Степанов И.В., Афанасьев С.А., Попов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Archakov E.A., Batalov R.E., Khlynin M.S., Dragunova M.A., Sitkova E.S., Eshmatov O.R., Moskovskikh T.V., Usenkov S.Y., Stepanov I.V., Afanasyev S.A., Popov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3048">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3048</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the incidence of chronic myocarditis in patients with atrial fibrillation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 145 patients. The majority of patients were male — 118 (81.4%). The median age was 45 (38; 50) years. Most had paroxysmal AF — 60 (41.4%), slightly fewer had persistent AF — 55 (37.9%), 30 (20.7%) patients had long-term persistent AF. All patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of AF and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) with subsequent histological and immunohistochemical studies (IHC). Morphological verification of myocarditis was performed in accordance with the Dallas criteria modified by the World Heart Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Signs of chronic myocarditis were identified in 64 patients (44.1%). The median age of patients with myocarditis was 44 (36.5;49) years, without myocarditis — 46 (38;51) years. In men, myocarditis was detected in 50 cases (42%), in women — in 14 (51.9%). In paroxysmal AF, myocarditis was detected in 25 patients (41.7%), in persistent AF — in 23 (41.8%), and in long-term persistent AF — in 16 (53.3%). The groups with and without chronic myocarditis were comparable when compared based on the main echocardiographic parameters. Regression analysis did not show a significant influence of these factors on the probability of detecting chronic myocarditis in patients with AF. In patients under 30 years of age, there were no signs of inflammation without the presence of myocardial fibrosis, while the maximum stage of fibrosis occurred in patients from 31 to 40 years of age. The stage of fibrosis did not depend on gender. More often than others, a combination of enterovirus and herpes virus type 6 was detected in biopsy specimens. In patients over 51 years of age, biopsies generally did not express any virus on immunohistochemical studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chronic myocarditis in patients with AF was significantly more often detected in younger patients (up to 50 years inclusive), and was more common in women, as well as in the presence of a long-term persistent form of AF, regardless of gender. Detection of myocardial fibrosis signs is more typical for young patients with the maximum stage at the age of 31 to 40 years.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить частоту выявления хронического миокардита у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 145 пациентов (мужчины — 118 (81,4%), медиана возраста 45 (38; 50) лет. Большинство пациентов имели пароксизмальную форму ФП (60 (41,4%)), чуть меньше — персистирующую — 55 (37,9%), длительно персистирующую имели 30 (20,7%) больных. Всем пациентам проведена радиочастотная аблация ФП и эндомиокардиальная биопсия (ЭМБ) с последующими гистологическим и иммуногистохимическим исследованиями (ИГХ). Морфологическую верификацию миокардита проводили в соответствии с модифицированными Всемирной федерацией сердца Далласскими критериями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Признаки хронического миокардита выявлены у 64 больных (44,1%). Медиана возраста пациентов с миокардитом составила 44 (36,5;49) года, без миокардита — 46 (38;51) лет. У мужчин миокардит выявлен в 50 случаях (42%), у женщин — в 14 (51,9%). При пароксизмальной ФП миокардит обнаружен у 25 больных (41,7%), при персистирующей — у 23 (41,8%), при длительно персистирующей — у 16 (53,3%). Группы с хроническим миокардитом и без оказались сопоставимы при сравнении по основным эхокардиографическим показателям. Регрессионный анализ не показал значимого влияния данных факторов на вероятность обнаружения хронического миокардита у пациентов с ФП. У пациентов до 30 лет не обнаруживалось признаков воспаления без наличия фиброза миокарда, тогда как максимальная стадия фиброзирования встречалась у больных от 31 до 40 лет. Стадия фиброза не зависела от пола. Чаще других в биоптатах выявлялось сочетание энтеровируса и вируса герпеса 6 типа. У пациентов старше 51 года в биоптатах в основном отсутствовала экспрессия какого-либо вируса при ИГХ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хронический миокардит у больных с ФП статистически значимо чаще выявлялся у более молодых пациентов (до 50 лет включительно), причем чаще встречался у женщин, а также при наличии длительно персистирующей формы ФП вне зависимости от пола. Обнаружение признаков фиброза миокарда более характерно для больных молодого возраста с максимальной стадией в возрасте от 31 до 40 лет.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический вирусный миокардит</kwd><kwd>диагностика миокардита</kwd><kwd>возрастные особенности миокардита</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>эндомиокардиальная биопсия</kwd><kwd>фиброз миокарда</kwd><kwd>экспрессия вирусов</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимический исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic viral myocarditis</kwd><kwd>myocarditis diagnostics</kwd><kwd>age-related features of myocarditis</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>endomyocardial biopsy</kwd><kwd>myocardial fibrosis</kwd><kwd>virus expression</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical study</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basso C, Calabrese F, Angelini A, et al. 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