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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2024-3056</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VFJRXG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-3056</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Breast arterial calcification and carotid arteries atherosclerotic load in women</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кальциноз артерий молочной железы и атеросклеротическая нагруженность сонных артерий у женщин</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-4723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Ирина Витальевна - научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kim.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivkimivkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкарева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkareva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочкарева Елена Викторовна - руководитель лаборатории.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Bochkareva.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ebochkareva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-7044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутина Екатерина Кронидовна - старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina K. Butina.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ebutina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-5752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molchanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молчанова Ольга Викторовна - ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Molchanova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Omolchanova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-6896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филичкина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filichkina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филичкина Елена Михайловна – лаборант.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena M. Filichkina.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.filichkina1999@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-4315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яровая</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarovaya</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яровая Елена Борисовна - руководитель лаборатории.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Yarovaya.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarovaya@mech.math.msu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна – директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Drapkina.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины; Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>302</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kim I.V., Bochkareva E.V., Butina E.K., Molchanova O.V., Filichkina E.M., Yarovaya E.B., Drapkina O.M., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ким И.В., Бочкарева Е.В., Бутина Е.К., Молчанова О.В., Филичкина Е.М., Яровая Е.Б., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kim I.V., Bochkareva E.V., Butina E.K., Molchanova O.V., Filichkina E.M., Yarovaya E.B., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3056">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3056</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop a diagnostic complex (DC) of ultrasound markers characterizing carotid arteries (CA) atherosclerotic load, and to evaluate its association with breast arterial calcification (BAC) in women.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The cross-sectional case-control study included 198 women aged 40-74 years, who made up of 2 groups of 99 participates in each, with or without BAC, who underwent diagnostic digital mammography. The study protocol included physical examination, medical history, questionnaires, laboratory tests, electrocardiography, carotid ultrasound. BAC severity was assessed on a 12-point scale. Ultrasound parameters of CA atherosclerotic load were assessed: the number of atherosclerotic plaques, maximum, total and average stenosis. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 79.9% of women with BAC and in 60.6% of women without BAC. The best statistically significant difference in both groups was found in the "number of atherosclerotic plaques", "average stenosis" and "maximum stenosis", on the basis of which the DC in points was formed. When comparing the average DC value, it was found that the degree of atherosclerotic load is statistically significantly higher in women with calcification (p=0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of people with BAC in the groups of women with both DC values &gt;2 points (p&lt;0.001) and DC &gt;0 points (p=0.022). Univariate analysis showed that with a DC &gt;2 points, the probability of having BAC in women increases by 4.06 times (95% CI: 1.92-9.25; p&lt;0.001). Menopause (p=0.024), osteoporosis (p=0.013), glomerular filtration rate &lt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.004), thyroid disease (p=0.041) and hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism (p=0.015) were associated with BAC. As a result of multivariate analysis, significant associations of BAC with DC &gt;2 points (OR=2.87; p=0.012) and hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism (OR=0.31; p=0.017) were found. There was no statistically significant relationship between DC and the severity of BAC on a 12-point scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A DC was developed to assess the degree of CA atherosclerotic load. Differences in DC parameters were revealed between groups of women with and without BAC: DC&gt;2 points increase the chance of having BAC. The demonstrated connection between BAC and asymptomatic CA atherosclerosis indicates the prospects for using this form of vascular calcification as a gender-specific marker of cardiovascular diseases in women.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать диагностический комплекс (ДК) ультразвуковых маркеров, характеризующих атеросклеротическую нагруженность сонных артерий (СА), и оценить его связь с наличием кальциноза артерий молочной железы (КАМЖ) у женщин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В одномоментное исследование "случай-контроль" включены 198 женщин в возрасте 40-74 лет, составивших 2 группы с наличием и отсутствием КАМЖ по 99 чел., выполнивших диагностическую цифровую маммографию. Программа обследования включала врачебный осмотр, сбор анамнеза, анкетирование, лабораторные исследования, электрокардиографию, дуплексное сканирование брахиоцефальных артерий. Степень тяжести КАМЖ оценивали по 12-балльной шкале. Оценены ультразвуковые параметры атеросклеротической нагруженности СА: количество атеросклеротических бляшек (АСБ), максимальный, суммарный и средний стенозы. Все участники исследования подписали информированное согласие.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. АСБ в СА выявлены у 79,9% женщин с КАМЖ и у 60,6% женщин без КАМЖ. Наилучшей статистической значимостью в различиях по обеим группам обладали "количество АСБ", "средний стеноз" и "максимальный стеноз", на основании которых сформирован ДК в баллах. При сравнении среднего значения ДК получено, что степень атеросклеротической нагруженности СА статистически значимо выше у лиц с КАМЖ (p=0,001). Отмечена более высокая доля лиц с КАМЖ в группах женщин как со значениями ДК &gt;2 баллов (p&lt;0,001), так и с ДК &gt;0 баллов (р=0,022). Однофакторный анализ показал, что при ДК &gt;2 баллов вероятность наличия КАМЖ у женщин увеличивается в 4,06 раз (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): 1,92–9,25; p&lt;0,001). С наличием КАМЖ также ассоциированы менопауза (p=0,024), остеопороз (p=0,013), скорость клубочковой фильтрации &lt;90 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (p=0,004), заболевания щитовидной железы (p=0,041) и гормонозаместительная терапия по поводу гипотиреоза (p=0,015). В результате многофакторного анализа обнаружены значимые ассоциации КАМЖ с ДК &gt;2 баллов (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,87; p=0,012) и гормонозаместительной терапией по поводу гипотиреоза (ОШ=0,31; р=0,017). Статистически значимой связи между ДК и степенью тяжести КАМЖ по 12-балльной шкале не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработан ДК для оценки степени атеросклеротической нагруженности СА. Выявлены различия параметров ДК между группами женщин с наличием и отсутствием КАМЖ: ДК&gt;2 баллов увеличивает шанс наличия КАМЖ. Продемонстрированная связь между КАМЖ и бессимптомным атеросклерозом СА свидетельствует о перспективах использования данной формы сосудистого кальциноза в качестве гендерспецифического маркера сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у женщин.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кальциноз артерий молочной железы</kwd><kwd>маммография</kwd><kwd>атеросклеротическая нагруженность</kwd><kwd>сонные артерии</kwd><kwd>диагностический комплекс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast arterial calcification</kwd><kwd>mammography</kwd><kwd>atherosclerotic load</kwd><kwd>carotid arteries</kwd><kwd>diagnostic complex</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed with the support of National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavousi M, Desai CS, Ayers C, et al. 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