<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2025-3139</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZQZMBA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-3139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POINT OF VIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mitral regurgitation: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and outcomes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Митральная регургитация: причины и механизмы развития, диагностика и исходы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-6022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрияшкина</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andriyashkina</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрияшкина Дарья Юрьевна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria Yu. Andriyashkina </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andryashkina.darya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Наталья Александровна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Demidova </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndemidova03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3474-4518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гевондян</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevondyan</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гевондян Карина Рубеновна  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina.R. Gevondyan </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karinagevondyan2017@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клименко Алеся Александровна  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alesia A. Klimenko </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aaklimenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет) ; ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н. И. Пирогова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Pirogov City Clinical Hospital № 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Andriyashkina D.Y., Demidova N.A., Gevondyan K.R., Klimenko A.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрияшкина Д.Ю., Демидова Н.А., Гевондян К.Р., Клименко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andriyashkina D.Y., Demidova N.A., Gevondyan K.R., Klimenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3139">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3139</self-uri><abstract><p>Managing a patient with mitral regurgitation (MR) is a difficult task. Degenerative and ischemic changes are the main causes of MR in developed countries, while rheumatic valve changes predominates in developing countries. MR progression occurs gradually and often imperceptibly, which is associated with the compensatory mechanisms of the heart, and leads to left ventricular remodeling and worsens prognosis. The clinical improvement in the patient condition with acute MR after the appearance of heart failure signs is obviously due to a gradual increase in the left atrium and atrial pressure decrease. The initial assessment of MR suggests the presence of heart failure clinical symptoms, which develop as MR volume increases and left ventricular systolic dysfunction worsens. However, these data are insufficient to determine the indications for surgery. Echocardiographic methods should be used to quantify the severity of the defect. The only proven treatment to improve symptoms and prevent heart failure is surgery. The annual mortality rates for surgical treatment in patients aged 50 years and older are about 3% for moderate and 6% for severe MR. Valve-preserving operations are superior in results to prosthetics and reduce mortality in patients with severe organic MR by 70%. The morphology of the valve apparatus lesion is crucial for the successful operation. The consequences of severe rheumatic valve damage limit the possibility of valve repair. If it is impossible to perform valve repair, it is preferable to perform prosthetics of the valve while maintaining the subvalvular apparatus. The best short-term and long-term results of surgical treatment were obtained in asymptomatic patients operated in specialized centers. This highlights the importance of MR early detection and assessment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время ведение пациента с митральной регургитацией (МР) представляет собой трудную задачу. Среди основных причин МР выделяют дегенеративные и ишемические в развитых странах и ревматические изменения створок – в развивающихся странах. Прогрессирование МР происходит постепенно и часто незаметно, что связано с компенсаторными механизмами сердца, и приводит к ремоделированию левого желудочка и ухудшению прогноза. Клиническое улучшение состояния пациента с острой МР после появления признаков сердечной недостаточности, очевидно, обусловлено постепенным увеличением левого предсердия и снижением предсердного давления. Первичная оценка МР предполагает наличие клинических симптомов сердечной недостаточности, которые развиваются по мере увеличения объема МР и усугубления систолической дисфункции левого желудочка. Вместе с тем, этих данных недостаточно для определения показаний к хирургическому вмешательству. Для количественной оценки тяжести порока следует использовать эхокардиографические методы. Единственным методом лечения, который доказано улучшает симптомы и предотвращает сердечную недостаточность, является хирургический. Ежегодные показатели смертности при оперативном лечении пациентов в возрасте 50 лет и старше составляет около 3% для умеренной и 6% для тяжелой МР. Клапан сохраняющие операции превосходят по результату протезирование и снижают смертность у пациентов с тяжелой органической МР на 70%. Критическое значение для успеха операции имеет морфология поражения клапанного аппарата. Последствия выраженного ревматического поражения клапана ограничивают возможность реконструкции. При невозможности выполнения пластики предпочтительно проведение протезирования клапана с сохранением подклапанного аппарата. Наилучшие краткосрочные и отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения получены у бессимптомных пациентов, оперированных в специализированных центрах. Это подчеркивает важность раннего выявления и оценки МР.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митральная регургитация</kwd><kwd>механизмы митральной регургитации</kwd><kwd>дегенеративная митральная регургитация</kwd><kwd>ишемическая митральная регургитация</kwd><kwd>ревматическая митральная регургитация</kwd><kwd>площадь эффективного регургитационного отверстия</kwd><kwd>естественное течение митральной регургитации</kwd><kwd>клинические исходы митральной регургитации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>degenerative mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>ischemic mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>rheumatic mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>effective regurgitant orifice area</kwd><kwd>natural course of mitral regurgitation</kwd><kwd>clinical outcomes of mitral regurgitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(13):1231-43. DOI:10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00201-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(13):1231-43. DOI:10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00201-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Akins CW, Vahanian A. Mitral regurgitation. Lancet. 2009;373(9672):1382-94. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60692-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Akins CW, Vahanian A. Mitral regurgitation. Lancet. 2009;373(9672):1382-94. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60692-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л.А., Гудкова Р.Г. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия — 2012. Болезни и врожденные аномалии системы кровообращения. М.: НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeria LA, Gudkova RG. Cardiovascular surgery — 2012. Diseases and congenital anomalies of the circulatory system. Moscow: AN Bakulev National Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; 2013. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anyanwu AC, Adams DH. Etiologic Classification of Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Barlow’s Disease and Fibroelastic Deficiency. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;19(2):90-6. DOI:10.1053/j.semtcvs.2007.04.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anyanwu AC, Adams DH. Etiologic Classification of Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Barlow’s Disease and Fibroelastic Deficiency. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;19(2):90-6. DOI:10.1053/j.semtcvs.2007.04.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimura RA, Vahanian A, Eleid MF, Mack MJ. Mitral valve disease — сurrent management and future challenges. Lancet. 2016;387(10025):1324-34. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00558-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimura RA, Vahanian A, Eleid MF, Mack MJ. Mitral valve disease — сurrent management and future challenges. Lancet. 2016;387(10025):1324-34. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00558-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Sabbagh A, Reddy YNV, Nishimura RA. Mitral Valve Regurgitation in the Contemporary Era: Insights Into Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(4):628-43. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.01.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Sabbagh A, Reddy YNV, Nishimura RA. Mitral Valve Regurgitation in the Contemporary Era: Insights Into Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(4):628-43. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.01.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72-227. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72-227. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trichon BH, Felker GM, Shaw LK, et al. Relation of frequency and severity of mitral regurgitation to survival among patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(5):538-43. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03301-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trichon BH, Felker GM, Shaw LK, et al. Relation of frequency and severity of mitral regurgitation to survival among patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(5):538-43. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03301-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/ EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(36):2739-91. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/ EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(36):2739-91. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson LJ, Subramanian R, Ackermann DM, et al. Surgical Pathology of the Mitral Valve: A Study of 712 Cases Spanning 21 Years. Mayo Clin Proc. 1987;62(1):22-34. DOI:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61522-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson LJ, Subramanian R, Ackermann DM, et al. Surgical Pathology of the Mitral Valve: A Study of 712 Cases Spanning 21 Years. Mayo Clin Proc. 1987;62(1):22-34. DOI:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61522-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David TE, Armstrong S, Sun Z, Daniel L. Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56(1):7-14. DOI:10.1016/0003-4975(93)90396-Y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David TE, Armstrong S, Sun Z, Daniel L. Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56(1):7-14. DOI:10.1016/0003-4975(93)90396-Y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barlow JB, Pocock WA. The significance of late systolic murmurs and mid-late systolic clicks. Md State Med J. 1963;12:76-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barlow JB, Pocock WA. The significance of late systolic murmurs and mid-late systolic clicks. Md State Med J. 1963;12:76-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kishon Y, Oh JK, Schaff HV, et al. Mitral Valve Operation in Postinfarction Rupture of a Papillary Muscle: Immediate Results and Long-Term Follow-Up of 22 Patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67(11):1023-30. DOI:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61116-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishon Y, Oh JK, Schaff HV, et al. Mitral Valve Operation in Postinfarction Rupture of a Papillary Muscle: Immediate Results and Long-Term Follow-Up of 22 Patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67(11):1023-30. DOI:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61116-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acar C, de Ibarra JS, Lansac E. Anterior leaflet augmentation with autologous pericardium for mitral repair in rheumatic valve insufficiency. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13(5):741-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acar C, de Ibarra JS, Lansac E. Anterior leaflet augmentation with autologous pericardium for mitral repair in rheumatic valve insufficiency. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13(5):741-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roldan CA, Shively BK, Lau CC, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus valve disease by transesophageal echocardiography and the role of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(5):1127-34. DOI:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90368-W.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roldan CA, Shively BK, Lau CC, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus valve disease by transesophageal echocardiography and the role of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(5):1127-34. DOI:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90368-W.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund MB, Ihlen H, Voss BMR, et al. Increased risk of heart valve regurgitation after mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin’s disease: an echocardiographic study. Heart. 1996;75(6):591-5. DOI:10.1136/hrt.75.6.591.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund MB, Ihlen H, Voss BMR, et al. Increased risk of heart valve regurgitation after mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin’s disease: an echocardiographic study. Heart. 1996;75(6):591-5. DOI:10.1136/hrt.75.6.591.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. Effective regurgitant orifice area: a noninvasive Doppler development of an old hemodynamic concept. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(2):443-51. DOI:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90432-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. Effective regurgitant orifice area: a noninvasive Doppler development of an old hemodynamic concept. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(2):443-51. DOI:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90432-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yellin EL, Yoran C, Sonnenblick EH, et al. Dynamic changes in the canine mitral regurgitant orifice area during ventricular ejection. Circ Res. 1979;45(5):677-83. DOI:10.1161/01.RES.45.5.677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yellin EL, Yoran C, Sonnenblick EH, et al. Dynamic changes in the canine mitral regurgitant orifice area during ventricular ejection. Circ Res. 1979;45(5):677-83. DOI:10.1161/01.RES.45.5.677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwammenthal E, Chen C, Benning F, et al. Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area. Physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method: clinical data and experimental testing. Circulation. 1994;90(1):307-22. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwammenthal E, Chen C, Benning F, et al. Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area. Physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method: clinical data and experimental testing. Circulation. 1994;90(1):307-22. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Basmadjian AJ, Rossi A, et al. Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(4):1137-44. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00313-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Basmadjian AJ, Rossi A, et al. Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(4):1137-44. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00313-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лутра А. Эхо-КГ простым языком. Практическая медицина. 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutra A. Echo-KG in simple terms. Practical Medicine. 2017. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Флакскампф Ф., Сандриков В.А. Практическая эхокардиография. Руководство по эхокардиографической диагностике. М.; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flachsсkampf F, Sandrikov VA. Practical echocardiography. Guide to echocardiographic diagnosis. Moscow; 2013. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: Longterm outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation. 2001;103(13):1759-64. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1759.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: Longterm outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation. 2001;103(13):1759-64. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1759.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толстихина А.А., Левин В.И. Анализ параметров оценки митральной недостаточности: клиническое применение. Медицинский алфавит. 2018;4(37):51-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstikhina AA, Levin VI. Analysis of parameters of mitral valve insufficiency assessment: clinical application. Medical Alphabet. 2018;4(37):51-6 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al.; ESC/EACTS Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561-632. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2022;43(21):2022. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al.; ESC/EACTS Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561-632. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2022;43(21):2022. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Groot-De Laat LE, McGhie J, Ren B, et al. A modified echocardiographic classification of mitral valve regurgitation mechanism: The role of three-dimensional echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;27(3):189-99. DOI:10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Groot-De Laat LE, McGhie J, Ren B, et al. A modified echocardiographic classification of mitral valve regurgitation mechanism: The role of three-dimensional echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;27(3):189-99. DOI:10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim HM, Cho GY, Hwang IC, et al. Myocardial Strain in Prediction of Outcomes After Surgery for Severe Mitral Regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):1235-44. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim HM, Cho GY, Hwang IC, et al. Myocardial Strain in Prediction of Outcomes After Surgery for Severe Mitral Regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):1235-44. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al. Clinical Outcome of Mitral Regurgitation Due to Flail Leaflet. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(19):1417-23. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199611073351902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al. Clinical Outcome of Mitral Regurgitation Due to Flail Leaflet. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(19):1417-23. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199611073351902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Ling LH, et al. Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(7):2078-85. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00474-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Ling LH, et al. Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(7):2078-85. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00474-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kligfield P, Hochreiter C, Niles N, et al. Relation of sudden death in pure mitral regurgitation, with and without mitral valve prolapse, to repetitive ventricular arrhythmias and right and left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(4):397-9. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(87)90261-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kligfield P, Hochreiter C, Niles N, et al. Relation of sudden death in pure mitral regurgitation, with and without mitral valve prolapse, to repetitive ventricular arrhythmias and right and left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(4):397-9. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(87)90261-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avierinos JF, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ 3rd, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation. 2002;106(11):1355-61. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000028933.34260.09.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avierinos JF, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ 3rd, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation. 2002;106(11):1355-61. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000028933.34260.09.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative Determinants of the Outcome of Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(9):875-83. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa041451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative Determinants of the Outcome of Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(9):875-83. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa041451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avierinos JF, Brown RD, Foley DA, et al. Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: A community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke. 2003;34(6):1339-44. DOI:10.1161/01.STR.0000072274.12041.FF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avierinos JF, Brown RD, Foley DA, et al. Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: A community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke. 2003;34(6):1339-44. DOI:10.1161/01.STR.0000072274.12041.FF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutton TM, Stewart RAH, Gerber IL, et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels increase with symptoms and severity of mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(12):2280-7. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00486-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutton TM, Stewart RAH, Gerber IL, et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels increase with symptoms and severity of mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(12):2280-7. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00486-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigioni F, Avierinos JF, Ling LH, et al. Atrial fibrillation complicating the course of degenerative mitral regurgitation: Determinants and long-term outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(1):84-92. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01922-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigioni F, Avierinos JF, Ling LH, et al. Atrial fibrillation complicating the course of degenerative mitral regurgitation: Determinants and long-term outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(1):84-92. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01922-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for Evaluation of the Severity of Native Valvular Regurgitation with Two-dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(7):777-802. DOI:10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for Evaluation of the Severity of Native Valvular Regurgitation with Two-dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(7):777-802. DOI:10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed MI, Aban I, Lloyd SG, et al. A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of beta(1)-receptor blockade for chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(9):833-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed MI, Aban I, Lloyd SG, et al. A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of beta(1)-receptor blockade for chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(9):833-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varadarajan P, Joshi N, Appel D, et al. Effect of Beta-blocker therapy on survival in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102(5):611-5. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varadarajan P, Joshi N, Appel D, et al. Effect of Beta-blocker therapy on survival in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102(5):611-5. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazam S, Vanoverschelde JL, Tribouilloy C, et al.; MIDA (Mitral Regurgitation International Database) Investigators. Twenty-Year Outcome after Mitral Repair Versus Replacement for Severe Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Analysis of a Large, Prospective, Multicenter, International Registry. Circulation. 2017;135(5):410-22. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazam S, Vanoverschelde JL, Tribouilloy C, et al.; MIDA (Mitral Regurgitation International Database) Investigators. Twenty-Year Outcome after Mitral Repair Versus Replacement for Severe Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Analysis of a Large, Prospective, Multicenter, International Registry. Circulation. 2017;135(5):410-22. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimura RA, O’Gara PT, Bavaria JE, et al. 2019 AATS/ACC/ASE/SCAI/STS expert consensus systems of care document: A proposal to optimize care for patients with valvular heart disease: A Joint Report of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American Society of Echocardiography, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94(1):3-26. DOI:10.1002/ccd.28196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimura RA, O’Gara PT, Bavaria JE, et al. 2019 AATS/ACC/ASE/SCAI/STS expert consensus systems of care document: A proposal to optimize care for patients with valvular heart disease: A Joint Report of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American Society of Echocardiography, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94(1):3-26. DOI:10.1002/ccd.28196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Detaint D, Sundt TM, Nkomo VT, et al. Surgical correction of mitral regurgitation in the elderly: Outcomes and recent improvements. Circulation. 2006;114(4):265- 72. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.619239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Detaint D, Sundt TM, Nkomo VT, et al. Surgical correction of mitral regurgitation in the elderly: Outcomes and recent improvements. Circulation. 2006;114(4):265- 72. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.619239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DiGregorio V, Zehr KJ, Orszulak TA, et al. Results of mitral surgery in octogenarians with isolated nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78(3):807-13. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DiGregorio V, Zehr KJ, Orszulak TA, et al. Results of mitral surgery in octogenarians with isolated nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78(3):807-13. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Impact of preoperative symptoms on survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: Rationale for optimizing surgical indications. Circulation. 1999;99(3):400-5. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.99.3.400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Impact of preoperative symptoms on survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: Rationale for optimizing surgical indications. Circulation. 1999;99(3):400-5. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.99.3.400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Schaff HV, et al. Echocardiographic prediction of survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 1994;90(2):830-7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Schaff HV, et al. Echocardiographic prediction of survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 1994;90(2):830-7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Excess mortality due to coronary artery disease after valve surgery: Secular trends in valvular regurgitation and effect of internal mammary artery bypass. Circulation. 1998;98(19 Suppl): II108-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Excess mortality due to coronary artery disease after valve surgery: Secular trends in valvular regurgitation and effect of internal mammary artery bypass. Circulation. 1998;98(19 Suppl): II108-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuhaiber J, Anderson RJ. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes following surgical mitral valve repair or replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;31(2):267-75. DOI:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.11.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuhaiber J, Anderson RJ. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes following surgical mitral valve repair or replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;31(2):267-75. DOI:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.11.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acker MA, Parides MK, Perrault LP, et al. Mitral-Valve Repair versus Replacement for Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(1):23-32. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1312808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acker MA, Parides MK, Perrault LP, et al. Mitral-Valve Repair versus Replacement for Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(1):23-32. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1312808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mihaljevic T, Lam BK, Rajeswaran J, et al. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty combined with revascularization in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(22):2191-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihaljevic T, Lam BK, Rajeswaran J, et al. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty combined with revascularization in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(22):2191-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anantha Narayanan M, Aggarwal S, Reddy YNV, et al. Surgical Repair of Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation — A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;65(5):447-456. DOI:10.1055/s-0036-1598012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anantha Narayanan M, Aggarwal S, Reddy YNV, et al. Surgical Repair of Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation — A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;65(5):447-456. DOI:10.1055/s-0036-1598012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman T, Foster E, Glower DD, et al. Percutaneous Repair or Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(15):1395-406. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1009355. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2011;365(2):189. Glower, Donald G [corrected to Glower, Donald D].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman T, Foster E, Glower DD, et al. Percutaneous Repair or Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(15):1395-406. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1009355. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2011;365(2):189. Glower, Donald G [corrected to Glower, Donald D].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giustino G, Camaj A, Kapadia SR, et al. Hospitalizations and Mortality in Patients With Secondary Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure: The COAPT Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(20):1857-68. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giustino G, Camaj A, Kapadia SR, et al. Hospitalizations and Mortality in Patients With Secondary Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure: The COAPT Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(20):1857-68. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al.; MITRA-FR Investigators. Percutaneous Repair or Medical Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2297-306. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1805374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al.; MITRA-FR Investigators. Percutaneous Repair or Medical Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2297-306. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1805374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anker SD, Friede T, von Bardeleben RS, et al.; RESHAPE-HF2 Investigators. Transcatheter Valve Repair in Heart Failure with Moderate to Severe Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(19):1799-809. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2314328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anker SD, Friede T, von Bardeleben RS, et al.; RESHAPE-HF2 Investigators. Transcatheter Valve Repair in Heart Failure with Moderate to Severe Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(19):1799-809. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2314328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldus S, Doenst T, Pfister R, et al.; MATTERHORN Investigators. Transcatheter Repair versus Mitral-Valve Surgery for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(19):1787-98. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2408739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldus S, Doenst T, Pfister R, et al.; MATTERHORN Investigators. Transcatheter Repair versus Mitral-Valve Surgery for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(19):1787-98. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2408739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
