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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2025-3177</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FNKZUC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-3177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prognostic factors for stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностические факторы рестеноза стента у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, перенёсших чрескожное коронарное вмешательство</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-4718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>M. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешкова Мария Анатольевна, аспирант кафедры поликлиническая терапия</p><p>Воронеж</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Meshkova</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshkova48@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-2966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубцева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubtseva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стародубцева Ирина Александровна, профессор кафедры поликлиническая терапия, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Starodubtseva</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">starodubtsevairina1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-3134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешкова Мария Анатольевна, зав.кафедры поликлиническая терапия, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Pashkova</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apashkova@vrngmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский ГМУ им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Meshkova M.А., Starodubtseva I.A., Pashkova A.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешкова М.А., Стародубцева И.А., Пашкова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkova M.А., Starodubtseva I.A., Pashkova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3177">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3177</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the relationship between plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and the occurrence of stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as the achievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level with lipid-lowering therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The prospective study included 92 patients (mean age 64.0 years, 79.5% male, 20.5% female) diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent stenting of a clinically significant or infarction-related coronary artery. At the same time, blood flow in the remaining coronary arteries was visually assessed during selective coronary angiography (SCA). In cases of hemodynamically significant stenosis of a coronary artery not associated with ACS, ranging from 70% to 90%, the patient was invited to consult a cardiologist in a month to decide on myocardial revascularization through stress testing, taking into account the patient’s clinical status (complaints). If necessary, repeat SCA for therapeutic purposes was performed after 1-2 months to visualize neointima formation and the degree of restenosis within the stent previously implanted in the infarct-related artery, in combination with the determination of Lp(a), VEGF, and TGF-β in blood plasma. The achievement of the target LDL-C level against the background of lipid-lowering therapy was assessed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with detected restenosis or neointima (n=49) and without restenosis (n=43). The clinical, laboratory, and angiographic data obtained in the groups were compared.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The development of restenosis is associated with a prolonged course of CAD — 6.0 (4.0; 11.0) months (p&lt;0.001), stable CAD was recorded in 42.86% (p=0.01), chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3A 32.65% (p=0.02) and the use of bare-metal stent (BMS) was 79.59% (n=39) (p&lt;0.001), Lp(a) level &gt;30 mg/dL 36.73% (p=0.01). Analysis of combinations revealed that having both TGF-β and Lp(a) within normal ranges simultaneously was a protective factor against restenosis development (odds ratio=0.2 [95% confidential interval: 0.07-0.56]), as was having both Lp(a) and VEGF within normal ranges (odds ratio=0.33 [95% confidential interval: 0.14-0.82]). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In CAD patients 1-2 months post-PCI for ACS, restenosis development is associated with longer CAD duration, CKD stage 3A, use of BMS, and elevated Lp(a) levels &gt;30 mg/dL, irrespective of achieving the target LDL-C level &lt;1.4 mmol/L. Elevated baseline Lp(a) values combined with VEGF and TGF-β levels in blood plasma indicates a high risk of stent restenosis, which may be new biomarkers for predicting the progression of coronary artery disease. These results confirm the need to develop practical guidelines for the dynamic monitoring of this patient group.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить взаимосвязь между уровнями липопротеина(а) (Лп(а)), фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), трансформирующего фактора роста β (TGF-β) в плазме крови, и возникновением рестеноза стента после чрескожного коронарного вмешательства у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), а также достижением целевого уровня холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (ХС ЛНП) на фоне гиполипидемической терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В проспективное наблюдение включены 92 пациента (средний возраст составил 64,0 года, 79,5% мужчины, 20,5% женщины) с диагнозом острого коронарного синдрома (ОКС), которым установили стенты в клинически значимую или инфаркт-связанную коронарную артерию. Одновременно визуально в процессе селективной коронарографии определяли кровоток в остальных коронарных артериях. При гемодинамически значимом стенозе коронарной артерии, не связанной с ОКС, на 70-90% больного приглашали на консультацию к кардиологу через 1 мес. с целью решения вопроса о реваскуляризации миокарда через нагрузочное тестирование с учётом клинического статуса пациента (жалоб). В случае необходимости повторной селективной коронарографии с лечебной целью через 1-2 мес. у пациентов визуализировали формирование неоинтимы, уточняли степень рестеноза внутри стента, ранее установленного в инфаркт-связанной артерии в сочетании с определением в плазме крови Лп(а), VEGF, TGF-β. Оценивали достижение целевого уровня ХС ЛНП на фоне гиполипидемической терапии. Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: с выявленным рестенозом или неоинтимой (n=49) и без рестеноза (n=43). В группах сравнивали полученные клинико-лабораторные и ангиографические данные.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Развитие рестеноза связано с продолжительным течением ИБС на протяжении 6,0 (4,0; 11,0) мес. (p&lt;0,001), стабильной ИБС в 42,86% случаев (p=0,01), хронической болезнью почек 3А — 32,65% (p=0,02) и применением стента BMS (bare-metal stent) — 79,59% (n=39) (p&lt;0,001), уровнем Лп(а) &gt;30 мг/дл — 36,73% (p=0,01). При исследовании сочетаний двух комбинаций TGF-β + Лп(а) и Лп(а) + VEGF выявлено, что нахождение в границах нормативных значений обоих указанных показателей одновременно является протективным фактором относительно развития рестеноза — отношение шансов=0,2 [95% доверительный интервал 0,07-0,56] и отношение шансов=0,33 [95% доверительный интервал 0,14-0,82], соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с ИБС через 1-2 мес. после чрескожного коронарного вмешательства на фоне ОКС развитие рестеноза ассоциировано с продолжительным течением ИБС, хронической болезнью почек 3А и типом стента BMS, повышенным уровнем Лп(а) &gt;30 мг/дл, независимо от достижения целевого уровня ХС ЛПН &lt;1,4 ммоль/л. Увеличение значений исходного Лп(а) в комбинации с показателями VEGF и TGF-β в плазме крови указывает на высокий риск рестеноза стента, что может быть новыми биомаркерами для прогнозирования прогрессирования ИБС. Эти результаты подтверждают необходимость разработки практических рекомендаций по динамическому наблюдению данной группы пациентов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рестеноз стента</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>чрескожная транслюминальная ангиопластика</kwd><kwd>липопротеин (а)</kwd><kwd>фактор роста эндотелия сосудов</kwd><kwd>трансформирующий фактор роста β</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stent restenosis</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>percutaneous transluminal angioplasty</kwd><kwd>lipoprotein (a)</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd><kwd>transforming growth factor β</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yi Y, Wang B, Li C. Sensors-based monitoring and treatment approaches for in-stent restenosis. 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