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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2025-3236</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JICUHB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-3236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Plasma concentrations of factor Xa inhibitors and stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Плазменные концентрации ингибиторов фактора Xa и риск инсульта у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1994-871X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарышкина Екатерина Александровна, врач кардиолог отделения сосудистой хирургии №38; Кафедра клинической фармакологии и терапии имени Б.Е. Вотчала, соискатель ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Naryshkina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kata-ryna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-5969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочков Павел Олегович, к.б.н., заместитель директора на науке</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel O. Bochkov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bok-of@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-6148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чашкина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashkina</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чашкина Мария Игоревна, к.м.н, доцент кафедры кардиологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Chashkina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vebmar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-9535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федина Людмила Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Fedina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedina201368@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-6077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаталова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatalova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаталова Наталья Андреевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Shatalova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalia.sh2018@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-6385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайрутдинов</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayrutdinov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайрутдинов Евгений Рафаэлович, старший врач</p><p>Марбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny R. Khayrutdinov</p><p>Standort Marburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugkh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзаев</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzaev</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирзаев Карин Бадавиевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karin B. Mirzaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karin05doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-9496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошеева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosheeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривошеева Наталья Михайловна, заведующая неврологическим отделением №10</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krivosheeva N. M.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">virus207@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-9996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошкин</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshkin</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерошкин Кирилл Евгеньевич, врач невролог отделения неврологии №10</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill E.Eroshkin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erosh.kir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-7012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Анна Григорьевна, заведующая региональным сосудистым центром, врач кардиолог, к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G.Komarova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarowa.4a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-7374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев Денис Анатольевич, заведующий кафедрой кардиологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики, дм.н., профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Andreev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dennan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор РАН, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrij A.Sychev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimasychev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»&#13;
Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Research and Clinical Center; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр лабораторных исследований Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Laboratory Research of the Moscow City Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова&#13;
Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетская клиника Гиссена и Марбурга</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Klinik für Kardiologie</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б. В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Research and Clinical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б. В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>415</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Naryshkina E.A., Bochkov P.O., Chashkina M.I., Fedina L.V., Shatalova N.A., Khayrutdinov E.R., Mirzaev K.B., Krivosheeva N.M., Eroshkin K.E., Komarova A.G., Andreev D.A., Sychev D.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нарышкина Е.А., Бочков П.О., Чашкина М.И., Федина Л.В., Шаталова Н.А., Хайрутдинов Е.Р., Мирзаев К.Б., Кривошеева Н.М., Ерошкин К.Е., Комарова А.Г., Андреев Д.А., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naryshkina E.A., Bochkov P.O., Chashkina M.I., Fedina L.V., Shatalova N.A., Khayrutdinov E.R., Mirzaev K.B., Krivosheeva N.M., Eroshkin K.E., Komarova A.G., Andreev D.A., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3236">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/3236</self-uri><abstract><p>Aim. To determine plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to compare them with DOAC levels in patients with AF but without IS receiving similar therapy. Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Vascular Center of S.P. Botkin Moscow City Clinical Hospital from April 2022 to April 2023. The study included 82 patients with cardioembolic stroke on the background of AF (main group) and 130 AF patients without stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (control group). All patients had been receiving DOACs (apixaban or rivaroxaban) for at least 3 months. Diagnostic workup included brain computed tomography, сarotid ultrasound, laboratory tests, and stroke severity assessment by NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Plasma DOAC concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL.Results. Patients in the main group had significantly more frequent subtherapeutic DOAC concentrations below the LLOQ compared to the control group (52.4% vs. 1.5%, p&lt;0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that 58.5% of patients on rivaroxaban and 41.4% of patients on apixaban had concentrations below LLOQ, compared to 2.5% and 0% in the control group, respectively (p&lt;0.001 for both). Inappropriately reduced DOAC doses were observed in 45.1% of the primary group versus 19.2% of controls (p&lt;0.001). Stroke severity assessed by NIHSS and mortality did not differ significantly between patients with DOAC concentrations below LLOQ and those with therapeutic levels. Patients with stroke had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc risk score, with a median of 6 points (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion. A significant proportion of patients with AF and cardioembolic ischemic stroke exhibit plasma concentrations of DOACs below LLOQ, which may contribute to stroke occurrence despite prescribed therapy. These findings emphasize the need to develop clinical criteria for selecting patients who require DOAC concentration monitoring and personalized therapy to reduce the risk of thrombotic events.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Определить плазменные концентрации прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов (ПОАК) у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом (ИИ) на фоне фибрилляции предсердий (ФП) и сравнить их с уровнем ПОАК у пациентов с ФП без ИИ, получающих аналогичную терапию.Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное исследование на базе сосудистого центра ММНКЦ им. С. П. Боткина с апреля 2022 по апрель 2023 гг. Основную группу составили 82 пациента с кардиоэмболическим инсультом на фоне ФП, контрольную — 130 пациентов с ФП без инсульта и транзиторной ишемической атаки, пациенты обеих групп получали ПОАК (апиксабан или ривароксабан) не менее 3 месяцев. Диагностика включала компьютерную томографию головного мозга, ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование брахиоцефальных артерий, лабораторные анализы и оценку тяжести инсульта по шкале NIHSS. Плазменные концентрации ПОАК измеряли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС). Минимально определяемой концентрацией служил нижний предел количественного определения методики, который составил 5 нг/мл.Результаты. В основной группе пациентов концентрации ПОАК были ниже, что статистически значимо превышало показатель контрольной группы (52,4% vs 1,5%, p&lt;0,001). Пациенты, принимающие ривароксабан или апиксабан, имели концентрации ниже нижнего предела количественного определения методики в 58,5% случаев vs 2,5% (p&lt;0,001) и 41,4% vs 0% (p&lt;0,001), соответственно. При этом необоснованно сниженные дозы ПОАК встречались у 45,1% пациентов основной группы и лишь у 19,2% — контрольной (p&lt;0,001). Тяжесть инсульта (по NIHSS) и летальность не имели статистически значимых различий между пациентами с концентрациями ниже нижнего предела количественного определения и терапевтическими. Пациенты с инсультом имели более высокий риск по шкале CHA2DS2-VASc — 6 баллов (р&lt;0,001).Заключение. Значительная доля пациентов с ФП и кардиоэмболическим ИИ демонстрирует плазменные концентрации ПОАК ниже уровня количественного определения, что может способствовать возникновению инсульта, несмотря на назначенную терапию. Существует необходимость разработки клинических критериев для отбора пациентов, нуждающихся в мониторинге концентраций ПОАК и персонализации терапии с целью снижения риска тромботических событий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>кардиоэмболический инсульт</kwd><kwd>прямые пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>остаточные концентрации ПОАК</kwd><kwd>концентрации ниже нижнего предела количественного определения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>cardioembolic stroke</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>therapeutic drug monitoring</kwd><kwd>residual DOAC concentrations</kwd><kwd>concentrations below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, тематика государственного задания «Разработка фармакогенетической тест-системы для повышения эффективности и безопасности фармакотерапии пациентов кардиологического и психиатрического профилей» (ЕГИСУ НИОКТР №124021200054-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported financially by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation under the state assignment project titled “Development of a Pharmacogenetic Test System to Enhance the Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapy in Cardiological and Psychiatric Patients” (EGISU NIOCTR No. 124021200054-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al.; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. 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