<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2009-5-1-77-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-602</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS OF CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СМЕЖНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY INDEXES DERIVED FROM 5-MINUTE AND 24-HOUR ECG RECORDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТИ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА (ПО ДАННЫМ 5-МИНУТНЫХ И 24-ЧАСОВЫХ ЗАПИСЕЙ ЭКГ) У БОЛЬНЫХ РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аничков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anichkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова </p><p>117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, д.8, к.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nesterov Department of Faculty Therapy</p><p>Leninsky prosp. 8, korp. 10, Moscow, 117049 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anitchkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова </p><p>117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, д.8, к.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nesterov Department of Faculty Therapy</p><p>Leninsky prosp. 8, korp. 10, Moscow, 117049 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный медицинский университет Росздрава</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Anichkov D.A., Platonova A.A., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аничков Д.А., Платонова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anichkov D.A., Platonova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/602">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/602</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To estimate heart rate variability (HRV) from 5-min and 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients of control group, to analyze association between HRV indexes and cardiovascular risk factors and RA-related clinical characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. 90 female patients with RA and 30 healthy subjects matching for age were included in the study. The baseline evaluation included a physical examination, assessment of the cardiovascular risk factors and RA clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, 5-min and 24-hour ECG recordings. We analyzed the time-domain (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50), frequency-domain (LF, HF, LF/HF ratio) and nonlinear indexes (SD1, SD2, SD21) of HRV from 5-min ECG recording and the time-domain (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50) indexes from 24-h ECG recordings.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients with RA had lower HRV in comparison with control subjects (p&lt;0,05). We got the following results for 5-min ECG recordings: time-domain (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50), frequency-domain (LF, HF) and nonlinear indexes (SD1, SD2) negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (р&lt;0,05). All parameters of HRV (except for pNN50) strongly negatively correlated with disease activity score (DAS28). LF and HF levels depended on age. The analysis of 24-h ECG recordings showed negative correlation of timedomain indexes (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50) with DAS28 and ESR.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить вариабельность сердечного ритма (ВСР) по данным 5-минутных и 24-часовых записей ЭКГ у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) и пациентов контрольной группы; изучить взаимосвязь показателей ВСР с факторами риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и клиническими характеристиками РА.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследовано 90 больных РА и 30 пациентов контрольной группы. У всех пациентов регистрировали факторы риска CCЗ, у больных РА были оценены клинические характеристики РА, включая С-реактивный белок (СРБ), скорость оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ) и суммарный показатель активности заболевания (disease activity score, DAS28). Проводили регистрацию ЭКГ в течение 5 мин и суточное мониторирование ЭКГ по Холтеру. Анализировали следующие параметры ВСР: для 5-минутных и 24-часовых записей – временные (time-domain) индексы (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50); для 5-минутных записей – спектральные (LF, HF, отношение LF/HF) и нелинейные (SD1, SD2, SD21) показатели.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показатели ВСР, полученные при 24-часовых и 5-минутных записях ЭКГ (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50), были существенно ниже у больных РА, чем у пациентов контрольной группы (p&lt;0,05). По данным 5-минутных записей ЭКГ выявлена обратная корреляция всех временных (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50), частотных (LF, HF) и нелинейных (SD1, SD2) параметров ВСР с уровнем СОЭ (р&lt;0,05). Наблюдалась также отрицательная корреляция суммарного показателя активности РА DAS28 и всех параметров ВСР (за исключением pNN50). Выявлена обратная взаимосвязь возраста и частотных параметров ВСР: у больных РА – LF и HF (r=-0,27; p=0,01; r=-0,2; p=0,05), у пациентов контрольной группы – НF и LF (r=-0,54; p=0,002; r=-0,51; p=0,005; соответственно). Значимых взаимосвязей с другими показателями выявлено не было. По данным 24-часовой записи ЭКГ выявлена обратная зависимость всех временных параметров ВСР от показателей воспалительной активности заболевания (СОЭ и DAS28).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У больных РА наблюдается снижение всех показателей ВСР. Выявлена взаимосвязь параметров ВСР с показателями воспалительной активности РА. Снижение ВСР в сочетании с высокой активностью РА может быть неблагоприятным фактором развития ССЗ. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolfe F, Freundlich B, Straus WL. Increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30:36-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe F, Freundlich B, Straus WL. Increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30:36-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003;107:1303-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003;107:1303-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arden N.K., Edwards C.J., Fisher D.J. et al. The increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is greatest in young women and is not due to traditional risk factors [abstract OP2]. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45 Suppl 1:i1. Available from URL: http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/45/suppl_1/i1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arden N.K., Edwards C.J., Fisher D.J. et al. The increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is greatest in young women and is not due to traditional risk factors [abstract OP2]. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45 Suppl 1:i1. Available from URL: http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/45/suppl_1/i1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szekanecz Z , Kerekes G, Der H, et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2007;1108:349-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szekanecz Z , Kerekes G, Der H, et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2007;1108:349-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Del Rincón ID, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, Escalante A. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(12):2737-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Del Rincón ID, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, Escalante A. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(12):2737-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Book C, Saxne T, Jacobsson LT. Prediction of mortality in rheumatoid arthritis based on disease activity markers. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(3):430-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Book C, Saxne T, Jacobsson LT. Prediction of mortality in rheumatoid arthritis based on disease activity markers. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(3):430-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turesson C, McClelland RL, Christianson TJ, Matteson EL. Severe extra-articular disease manifestations are associated with an increased risk of first ever cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(1):70-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turesson C, McClelland RL, Christianson TJ, Matteson EL. Severe extra-articular disease manifestations are associated with an increased risk of first ever cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(1):70-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naranjo A, Sokka T, Descalzo MA, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(2):R30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naranjo A, Sokka T, Descalzo MA, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(2):R30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallberg-Jonsson S, Ohman ML, Dahlqvist SR. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(3):445-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallberg-Jonsson S, Ohman ML, Dahlqvist SR. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(3):445-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maradit-Kremers H, Nicola PJ, Crowson CS, et al. Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(3):722-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maradit-Kremers H, Nicola PJ, Crowson CS, et al. Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(3):722-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Piñeiro A, et al. High-grade C-reactive protein elevation correlates with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1219-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Piñeiro A, et al. High-grade C-reactive protein elevation correlates with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1219-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попкова Т.В., Хелковская А.Н., Мач Э.С. и др. Кардиоваскулярная патология при ревматоидном артрите. Тер арх 2007;79(5):9-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Попкова Т.В., Хелковская А.Н., Мач Э.С. и др. Кардиоваскулярная патология при ревматоидном артрите. Тер арх 2007;79(5):9-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kataoka M, Ito C, Sasaki H, Yamane K, Kohno N. Low heart rate variability is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;64(1):51-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kataoka M, Ito C, Sasaki H, Yamane K, Kohno N. Low heart rate variability is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;64(1):51-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dekker JM, Crow RS, Folsom AR, et al. Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities. Circulation. 2000;102(11):1239-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dekker JM, Crow RS, Folsom AR, et al. Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities. Circulation. 2000;102(11):1239-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lanza GA, Guido V, Galeazzi MM, et al. Prognostic role of heart rate variability in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 1;82(11):1323-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanza GA, Guido V, Galeazzi MM, et al. Prognostic role of heart rate variability in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 1;82(11):1323-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dekker JM, Schouten EG, Klootwijk P, et al. Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle-aged and elderly men. The Zutphen Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145(10):899-908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dekker JM, Schouten EG, Klootwijk P, et al. Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle-aged and elderly men. The Zutphen Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145(10):899-908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, et al. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med. 2007;13(3-4):178-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, et al. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med. 2007;13(3-4):178-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Psychari SN, Apostolou TS, Iliodromitis EK, et al. Inverse relation of C-reactive protein levels to heart rate variability in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2007;48(2):64-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Psychari SN, Apostolou TS, Iliodromitis EK, et al. Inverse relation of C-reactive protein levels to heart rate variability in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2007;48(2):64-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kon H, Nagano M, Tanaka F, et al. Association of decreased variation of R-R interval and elevated serum C-reactive protein level in a general population in Japan. Int Heart J. 2006;47(6):867-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kon H, Nagano M, Tanaka F, et al. Association of decreased variation of R-R interval and elevated serum C-reactive protein level in a general population in Japan. Int Heart J. 2006;47(6):867-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sajadieh A, Nielsen OW, Rasmussen V, et al. Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(5):363-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sajadieh A, Nielsen OW, Rasmussen V, et al. Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(5):363-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madsen T, Christensen JH, Toft E, Schmidt EB. C-reactive protein is associated with heart rate variability. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2007;12(3):216-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madsen T, Christensen JH, Toft E, Schmidt EB. C-reactive protein is associated with heart rate variability. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2007;12(3):216-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evrengül H, Dursunoglu D, Cobankara V, et al. Heart rate variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2004;24(4):198-202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evrengül H, Dursunoglu D, Cobankara V, et al. Heart rate variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2004;24(4):198-202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парнес Е.Я., Красносельский М.Я., Цурко В.В., Стрюк Р.И. Долгосрочный прогноз у больных ревматоидным артритом в зависимости от исходной вариабельности сердечного ритма. Тер арх 2005;(9):77-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парнес Е.Я., Красносельский М.Я., Цурко В.В., Стрюк Р.И. Долгосрочный прогноз у больных ревматоидным артритом в зависимости от исходной вариабельности сердечного ритма. Тер арх 2005;(9):77-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anichkov DA, Shostak NA, Ivanov DS. Heart rate variability is related to disease activity and smoking in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(5):777-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anichkov DA, Shostak NA, Ivanov DS. Heart rate variability is related to disease activity and smoking in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(5):777-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao D, Carnethon M, Evans GW, et al. Lower heart rate variability is associated with the development of coronary heart disease in individuals with diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Diabetes. 2002;51(12):3524-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao D, Carnethon M, Evans GW, et al. Lower heart rate variability is associated with the development of coronary heart disease in individuals with diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Diabetes. 2002;51(12):3524-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Maestri R, et al. Short-term heart rate variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients. Circulation. 2003;107(4)565-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Maestri R, et al. Short-term heart rate variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients. Circulation. 2003;107(4)565-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steeds R, Fletcher J, Smith M, et al. Prognostic significance of early short-term measurements of heart rate variability following acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(10):1275-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steeds R, Fletcher J, Smith M, et al. Prognostic significance of early short-term measurements of heart rate variability following acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(10):1275-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen JP, Tarvainen MP, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA. Software for advanced HRV analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2004;76(1):73-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen JP, Tarvainen MP, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA. Software for advanced HRV analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2004;76(1):73-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piskorski J, Guzik P. Geometry of the Poincaré plot of RR intervals and its asymmetry in healthy adults. Physiol Meas. 2007;28(3):287-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piskorski J, Guzik P. Geometry of the Poincaré plot of RR intervals and its asymmetry in healthy adults. Physiol Meas. 2007;28(3):287-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antelmi I, de Paula RS, Shinzato AR, et al. Influence of age, gender, body mass index, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:381-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antelmi I, de Paula RS, Shinzato AR, et al. Influence of age, gender, body mass index, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:381-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haensel A, Mills PJ, Nelesen RA, et al. The relationship between heart rate variability and inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33(10):1305-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haensel A, Mills PJ, Nelesen RA, et al. The relationship between heart rate variability and inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33(10):1305-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nolan RP, Reid GJ, Seidelin PH, Lau HK. C-reactive protein modulates vagal heart rate control in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;112(8):449-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nolan RP, Reid GJ, Seidelin PH, Lau HK. C-reactive protein modulates vagal heart rate control in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;112(8):449-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2002;405:458-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2002;405:458-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T, et al. Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201(7):1113- 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T, et al. Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201(7):1113- 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mioni C, Bazzani C, Giuliani D, et al. Activation of an efferent cholinergic pathway produces strong protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2621-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mioni C, Bazzani C, Giuliani D, et al. Activation of an efferent cholinergic pathway produces strong protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2621-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002;420:853-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002;420:853-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Prather AA, et al. Stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines covaries inversely with heart rate variability. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(8):709- 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Prather AA, et al. Stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines covaries inversely with heart rate variability. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(8):709- 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maradit-Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, et al. Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(2):402-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maradit-Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, et al. Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(2):402-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldberger JJ, Cain ME, Hohnloser SH, et al. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Committee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(14):1179-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldberger JJ, Cain ME, Hohnloser SH, et al. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Committee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(14):1179-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paraskevas KI. Statin treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a promising novel indication. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27(3):281-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paraskevas KI. Statin treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a promising novel indication. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27(3):281-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
