<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1819-6446</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2225-3653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20996/1819-6446-2010-6-5-717-721</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpcardio-973</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT QUESTIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ  ВОПРОСЫ  КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE PRACTICE OF PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРЕПАРАТЫ КАЛИЯ И МАГНИЯ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ В ПРАКТИКЕ ВРАЧА ПЕРВИЧНОГО ЗВЕНА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой неотложных состояний в клинике внутренних болезней</p><p>заслуженный деятель науки РФ</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры неотложных состояний в клинике внутренних болезней </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melnik.m.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осия</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osiya</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры неотложных состояний в клинике внутренних болезней </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лишута</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lishuta</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии №1 </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubetskaya ul. 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский Государственный Медицинский Университет им. И.М.Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>717</fpage><lpage>721</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shilov A.M., Melnik M.V., Osiya A.O., Lishuta A.S., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шилов А.М., Мельник М.В., Осия А.О., Лишута А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilov A.M., Melnik M.V., Osiya A.O., Lishuta A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/973">https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/973</self-uri><abstract><p>Role of magnesium and potassium deficiency in the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications is discussed. Results of studies on efficacy of magnesium and potassium drugs in cardiology practice are presented. Preventive role of potassium and magnesium in the progression of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance is shown. The advantages of combined magnesium and potassium drugs are shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обсуждается роль дефицита магния и калия в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и их осложнений. Представлены результаты исследований эффективности применения препаратов магния и калия в кардиологической практике. Показано значение калия и магния для предупреждения прогрессирования атеросклероза, артериальной гипертонии, эндотелиальной дисфункции и инсулинорезистентности. Показаны преимущества применения комбинированных препаратов магния и калия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит калия</kwd><kwd>дефицит магния</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертония</kwd><kwd>аритмии</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potassium deficiency</kwd><kwd>magnesium deficiency</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>arrhythmias</kwd><kwd>ischemic heart disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capewell S., Ford E.S., Croft J.B. et al. Cardiovascular risk factor trends and potential for reducing coronary heart disease mortality in the United States of America. Bull World Health Organ 2010;88(2): 120-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capewell S., Ford E.S., Croft J.B. et al. Cardiovascular risk factor trends and potential for reducing coronary heart disease mortality in the United States of America. Bull World Health Organ 2010;88(2): 120-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deckert A., Winkler V., Paltiel A. et al. Time trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in Russia and Ger￾many from 1980 to 2007 - are there migration effects? BMC Public Health 2010;10:488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deckert A., Winkler V., Paltiel A. et al. Time trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in Russia and Ger￾many from 1980 to 2007 - are there migration effects? BMC Public Health 2010;10:488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cífková R., Skodová Z., Bruthans J. et al. Longitudinal trends in cardiovascular mortality and blood pressure levels, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech population from 1985 to 2007/2008. J Hypertens 2010;28(11):2196-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cífková R., Skodová Z., Bruthans J. et al. Longitudinal trends in cardiovascular mortality and blood pressure levels, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech population from 1985 to 2007/2008. J Hypertens 2010;28(11):2196-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendis S. The contribution of the Framingham Heart Study to the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a global perspective. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53(1):10-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendis S. The contribution of the Framingham Heart Study to the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a global perspective. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53(1):10-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weglicki W.B., Mak I.T., Chmielinska J.J. et al. The role of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular and intestinal inflammation. Magnes Res 2010 [Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weglicki W.B., Mak I.T., Chmielinska J.J. et al. The role of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular and intestinal inflammation. Magnes Res 2010 [Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fox C.H., Mahoney M.C., Ramsoomair D., Carter C.A. Magnesium deficiency in African-Americans: does it contribute to increased cardiovascular risk factors? J Natl Med Assoc 2003;95(4):257-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fox C.H., Mahoney M.C., Ramsoomair D., Carter C.A. Magnesium deficiency in African-Americans: does it contribute to increased cardiovascular risk factors? J Natl Med Assoc 2003;95(4):257-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lücker P.W., WitzmannH.K. Influence of magnesium and potassium deficiency on renal elimination and cardiovascular function demonstrated by impedance cardiography. Magnesium. 1984;3(4-6): 265-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lücker P.W., WitzmannH.K. Influence of magnesium and potassium deficiency on renal elimination and cardiovascular function demonstrated by impedance cardiography. Magnesium. 1984;3(4-6): 265-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altura B.M., Shah N.C., Jiang X.C. et al. Short-term magnesium deficiency results in decreased levels of serum sphingomyelin, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;297(1):H86-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altura B.M., Shah N.C., Jiang X.C. et al. Short-term magnesium deficiency results in decreased levels of serum sphingomyelin, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;297(1):H86-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shivakumar K. Pro-fibrogenic effects of magnesium deficiency in the cardiovascular system. Magnes Res 2002;15(3-4):307-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shivakumar K. Pro-fibrogenic effects of magnesium deficiency in the cardiovascular system. Magnes Res 2002;15(3-4):307-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbrecht PH. Cardiovascular effects of chronic potassium deficiency in the dog. Am J Physiol 1972;223(3):555-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbrecht PH. Cardiovascular effects of chronic potassium deficiency in the dog. Am J Physiol 1972;223(3):555-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinogradov A.P. Biological role of potassium-40. Nature 1957 ;180(4584):507-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradov A.P. Biological role of potassium-40. Nature 1957 ;180(4584):507-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pleshchitser A.Ia. Biological role of magnesium. Clin Chem 1958;4(6):429-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pleshchitser A.Ia. Biological role of magnesium. Clin Chem 1958;4(6):429-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook N.L., Heuvel C.V., Vink R. Are the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels important in magnesium homeostasis following traumatic brain injury? Magnes Res 2009;22(4): 225-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook N.L., Heuvel C.V., Vink R. Are the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels important in magnesium homeostasis following traumatic brain injury? Magnes Res 2009;22(4): 225-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlingmann K.P., Gudermann T. A critical role of TRPM channel-kinase for human magnesium transport. J Physiol 2005;566(Pt 2):301-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlingmann K.P., Gudermann T. A critical role of TRPM channel-kinase for human magnesium transport. J Physiol 2005;566(Pt 2):301-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter M. Magnesium and cardiovascular system. Magnes Res 2010;23(2):60-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter M. Magnesium and cardiovascular system. Magnes Res 2010;23(2):60-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolf F.I.,.Trapani V., Simonacci M .et al. Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: is oxidative stress involved? Magnes Res. 2008;21(1):58-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolf F.I.,.Trapani V., Simonacci M .et al. Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: is oxidative stress involved? Magnes Res. 2008;21(1):58-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapna S., Ranjith S.K., Shivakumar K. Cardiac fibrogenesis in magnesium deficiency: a role for circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291(1):H436-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapna S., Ranjith S.K., Shivakumar K. Cardiac fibrogenesis in magnesium deficiency: a role for circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291(1):H436-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suga S., Mazzali M., Ray P.E. et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury induced by chronic potassium deficiency. Kidney Int. 2002;61(3):951-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suga S., Mazzali M., Ray P.E. et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury induced by chronic potassium deficiency. Kidney Int. 2002;61(3):951-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugimoto T., Tobian L., Ganguli M.C. High potassium diets protect against dysfunction of endothelial cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1988;11(6 Pt 2):579-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugimoto T., Tobian L., Ganguli M.C. High potassium diets protect against dysfunction of endothelial cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1988;11(6 Pt 2):579-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cybulski J., Budaj A., Danielewicz H. et al. A new-onset atrial fibrillation: the incidence of potassium and magnesium deficiency. The efficacy of intravenous potassium/magnesium supplementation in cardioversion to sinus rhythm. Kardiol Pol. 2004;60(6):578-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cybulski J., Budaj A., Danielewicz H. et al. A new-onset atrial fibrillation: the incidence of potassium and magnesium deficiency. The efficacy of intravenous potassium/magnesium supplementation in cardioversion to sinus rhythm. Kardiol Pol. 2004;60(6):578-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis R., Durnin C., McLay J. et al. Magnesium deficiency may be an important determinant of ventricular ectopy in digitalised patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(2): 200-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis R., Durnin C., McLay J. et al. Magnesium deficiency may be an important determinant of ventricular ectopy in digitalised patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(2): 200-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahin V., Kaplan M., Bilsel S. et al. The relation between blood and tissue magnesium levels and development of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2010;10(5):446-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahin V., Kaplan M., Bilsel S. et al. The relation between blood and tissue magnesium levels and development of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2010;10(5):446-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakhsh M., Abbas S., Hussain R.M. et al. Role of magnesium in preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(2):27-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhsh M., Abbas S., Hussain R.M. et al. Role of magnesium in preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(2):27-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piper S.N., Kiessling A.H., Suttner S.W. et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery by￾pass graft surgery using a potassium-magnesium-aspartate solution (Inzolen). Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;55(7):418-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piper S.N., Kiessling A.H., Suttner S.W. et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery by￾pass graft surgery using a potassium-magnesium-aspartate solution (Inzolen). Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;55(7):418-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbagallo M., Belvedere M., Dominguez L.J. Magnesium homeostasis and aging. Magnes Res. 2009;22(4):235-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbagallo M., Belvedere M., Dominguez L.J. Magnesium homeostasis and aging. Magnes Res. 2009;22(4):235-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjögren A., Edvinsson L., Fallgren B. Magnesium deficiency in coronary artery disease and cardiac arrhythmias. J Intern Med. 1989;226(4):213-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjögren A., Edvinsson L., Fallgren B. Magnesium deficiency in coronary artery disease and cardiac arrhythmias. J Intern Med. 1989;226(4):213-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloomgarden Z.T. American Diabetes Association scientific sessions, 1995. Magnesium deficiency, atherosclerosis, and health care. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(12):1623-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloomgarden Z.T. American Diabetes Association scientific sessions, 1995. Magnesium deficiency, atherosclerosis, and health care. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(12):1623-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnesium deficiency and ischemic heart disease. Nutr Rev. 1988;46(9):311-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnesium deficiency and ischemic heart disease. Nutr Rev. 1988;46(9):311-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wojtovich A.P., Brookes P.S. The endogenous mitochondrial complex II inhibitor malonate regulates mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels: implications for ischemic preconditioning. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1777(7-8):882-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wojtovich A.P., Brookes P.S. The endogenous mitochondrial complex II inhibitor malonate regulates mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels: implications for ischemic preconditioning. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1777(7-8):882-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCully J.D., Uematsu M., Parker R.A., Levitsky S. Adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning provides enhanced postischemic recovery and limitation of infarct size in the rabbit heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(1):154-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCully J.D., Uematsu M., Parker R.A., Levitsky S. Adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning provides enhanced postischemic recovery and limitation of infarct size in the rabbit heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(1):154-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turlapaty P.D., Altura B.M. Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. Science. 1980 ;208(4440):198-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turlapaty P.D., Altura B.M. Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. Science. 1980 ;208(4440):198-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozono R., Oshima T., MatsuuraH. et al. Systemic magnesium deficiency disclosed by magnesium loading test in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res. 1995;18(1):39-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozono R., Oshima T., MatsuuraH. et al. Systemic magnesium deficiency disclosed by magnesium loading test in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res. 1995;18(1):39-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dyckner T.,Wester P.O.Magnesium deficiency in congestive heartfailure. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1984;54 Suppl 1:119-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyckner T.,Wester P.O.Magnesium deficiency in congestive heartfailure. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1984;54 Suppl 1:119-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter M., Sharir M., Labrador M.J. et al. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000 ;102(19):2353-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter M., Sharir M., Labrador M.J. et al. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000 ;102(19):2353-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao F., Folsom A.R., Brancati F.L. Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am Heart J. 1998;136(3):480-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao F., Folsom A.R., Brancati F.L. Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am Heart J. 1998;136(3):480-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueshima K. Magnesium and ischemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences. Magnes Res. 2005;18(4):275-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueshima K. Magnesium and ischemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences. Magnes Res. 2005;18(4):275-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lima Mde L., Cruz T., Rodrigues L.E. et al. Serum and intracellular magnesium deficiency in patients with metabolic syndrome--evidences for its relation to insulin resistance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83(2):257-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lima Mde L., Cruz T., Rodrigues L.E. et al. Serum and intracellular magnesium deficiency in patients with metabolic syndrome--evidences for its relation to insulin resistance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83(2):257-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Witte K.K., Clark A.L. Micronutrients and their supplementation in chronic cardiac failure. An update beyond theoretical perspectives. Heart Fail Rev. 2006;11(1):65-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Witte K.K., Clark A.L. Micronutrients and their supplementation in chronic cardiac failure. An update beyond theoretical perspectives. Heart Fail Rev. 2006;11(1):65-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sueta C.A., Clarke S.W., Dunlap S.H. Effect of acute magnesium administration on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with heart failure. Circulation, 1994; 89: 660 - 666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sueta C.A., Clarke S.W., Dunlap S.H. Effect of acute magnesium administration on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with heart failure. Circulation, 1994; 89: 660 - 666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banai S., Schuger C. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment for torsades de pointes if the right dose is given. Am J Cardiol. 1990 15;65(3):266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banai S., Schuger C. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment for torsades de pointes if the right dose is given. Am J Cardiol. 1990 15;65(3):266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoshino K., Ogawa K., Hishitani T. et al. Successful uses of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2006;48(2):112-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoshino K., Ogawa K., Hishitani T. et al. Successful uses of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2006;48(2):112-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zehender M., Meinertz T., Just H. Magnesium deficiency and magnesium substitution. Effect on ventricular cardiac arrhythmias of various etiology. Herz. 1997;22 Suppl 1:56-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zehender M., Meinertz T., Just H. Magnesium deficiency and magnesium substitution. Effect on ventricular cardiac arrhythmias of various etiology. Herz. 1997;22 Suppl 1:56-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhi Y.F.,Huang Y.S., Xu B.S., Wang S.R. Clinical investigation of the protective effects of potassium magnesium aspartate against arrhythmia and its possible anti-oxidative mechanism. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2007;19(11):662-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhi Y.F.,Huang Y.S., Xu B.S., Wang S.R. Clinical investigation of the protective effects of potassium magnesium aspartate against arrhythmia and its possible anti-oxidative mechanism. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2007;19(11):662-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kühn P., Oberthaler G., Oswald J. Anti-arrhythmia effectiveness of potassium-magnesium-aspartate infusion. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1991;141(3):64-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kühn P., Oberthaler G., Oswald J. Anti-arrhythmia effectiveness of potassium-magnesium-aspartate infusion. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1991;141(3):64-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
