The Role of Magnesium in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Possibility of their Prevention and Correction with Magnesium Preparations (Part 2)

Data on the effect of magnesium on the homeostasis of the body and on the cardiovascular system, are presented in the article. These data supplement information on studies of the role of magnesium in many body processes. The influence of lifestyle on magnesium metabolism, the pathological processes that cause its deficiency, and the clinical picture of hypomagnesemia are presented in the article. The necessary daily amount of magnesium, ways to restore the magnesium deficiency, both nutritional and with the help of magnesium-containing pharmacological preparations, their form, bioavailability and dosage regimen are discussed. Diseases that occur and/or worsen with hypomagnesemia are considered. Data on the iatrogenic effect of many drugs, including cardiological, removing magnesium from the body and ways to solve this issue, are also presented. Hypomagnesemia exacerbates the course of cardiovascular disease. Elimination of magnesium deficiency can contribute a lot to the prevention of morbidity and the optimization of treatment of patients.

cardiovascular pathology, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B₆, vitamin В₁, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, organic and inorganic magnesium salts, diuretics, comorbidity

1. Safaryan A.S., Sargsyan V.S., Kamyshova T.V., et al. The Role of Magnesium in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Possibility of their Prevention and Correction with Magnesium Preparations (Part 1). Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2019;15(5):725-35. (In Russ.) DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-5-725-735.

2. Gromova O.A. Troshin I.Y. Magnesium and “diseases of civilization”: a practical guide / / Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018 (In Russ.)

3. Rosanoff A. Rising Ca: Mg intake ratio from food in USA Adults: a concern? Magnes Res. 2010;23(4):S181-93. DOI:10.1684/mrh.2010.0221.

4. Kawamura Y. Drugs affecting serum magnesium concentration. Clin Calcium. 2012;22(8):1211-6. DOI: CliCa120812111216.

5. Lameris A.L., Monnens L.A., Bindels R.J., Hoenderop J.G. Drug-induced alterations in Mg2+ homoeostasis. Clin Sci (London). 2012;123(1):1-14. DOI:10.1042/CS20120045.

6. Martin-Miguel V., Lafarga-Giribets M.A., Garcia-Esteve L., Rodrigo-Claverol M.D. Casual diagnosis of Gitelman's syndrome. Semergen. 2014;40(7):e95-8. DOI:10.1016/j.semerg.2013.03.003.

7. Classen H.G., Grober U., Kisters K. Drug-induced magnesium deficiency. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2012;35(8):274-80.

8. Gromova O.A., Kalacheva A. G., Torshin I. Yu., et al. Magnesium deficiency is a significant risk factor for comorbid conditions: results of large-scale screening of magnesium status in Russian regions. Pharmateca. 2013;6(259):115-29 (In Russ.)

9. Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Y., Limanov A.O., et al. Analysis of the relationship between magnesium availability and the risk of somatic diseases in Russian women aged 18-45 using data mining methods. Effective pharmacotherapy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;2:10-23 (In Russ.)

10. Wile D. Diuretics: a review. Ann Clin Biochem. 2012;49(Pt 5):419-31. DOI:10.1258/acb.2011.011281.

11. Greger R., Lohrmann E., Schlatter E. Action of diuretics at the cellular level. Clin Nephrol. 1992;38 Suppl 1:S64-S68.

12. Tamargo J., Segura J., Ruilope L.M. Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Part 2: loop diuretics and potassium-sparing agents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(5):605-21. DOI:10.1517/14656566.2014.879117.

13. Prichard B.N., Owens C.W., Woolf A.S. Adverse reactions to diuretics. Eur Heart J. 1992;13 Suppl G:96-103. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/13.suppl_g.96.

14. Reyes A.J., Leary WP. Diuretic therapy, magnesium deficiency and lipid metabolism. S Afr Med J. 1983;64(10):355-6.

15. Gromova O.A., Kalacheva A.G., Torshin I.Y., et al. Potassium-saving properties of magnesium. Kardiologiia. 2013;53(10):38-48 (In Russ.)

16. Cohen N., Alon I., Almoznino-Sarafian D., et al. Metabolic and clinical effects of oral magnesium supplementation in furosemide-treated patients with severe congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol. 2000;23(6):43336 DOI:10.1002/clc.4960230611.

17. Dorup I., Skajaa K., Thybo N.K. Oral magnesium supplementation restores the concentrations of magnesium, potassium and sodium-potassium pumps in skeletal muscle of patients receiving diuretic treatment. J Intern Med. 1993;233(2):117-23. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00663.x.

18. Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A. Magnesium and pyridoxine: fundamental studies and clinical practice. New York; Nova Science: 2009.

19. Ranade V.V., Somberg J.C. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of magnesium after administration of magnesium salts to humans. Am J Ther. 2001;8(5):345-57. DOI:10.1097/00045391-200109000-00008.

20. Gromova O.A., Troshin I.Y., Nazarenko A.G., Kalacheva A.G. Magnesium and pyridoxine deficiency as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Kardiologiia. 2016;10:55-62 (In Russ.) DOI:10.18565/cardio.2016.10.55-62.

21. Yudina N.V., Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., et al. the Availability of potassium and magnesium ions is a fundamental condition for maintaining normal blood pressure. Kardiologiia. 2016;10:80-9. DOI:10.18565/cardio.2016.10.80-89 (In Russ.) DOI:10.18565/cardio.2016.10.80-89.

22. Sun H.L., Pei D., Lue K.H., Chen Y.L. Uric Acid Levels Can Predict Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension in Adolescents: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0143786. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0143786.

23. Barbagallo M., Belvedere M., Dominguez L.J. Magnesium homeostasis and aging. Magnes Res. 2009;22(4):235-46. DOI:10.1684/mrh.2009.0187.