The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 signaling pathway in the development of cardiovascular pathology

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), traditionally studied in the context of neuronal signaling, has recently gained attention as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarises current evidence on the role of mGluR1 in neurodegenerative, oncological, and — most importantly — cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the receptor structure, its classification as a GPCR family member, and the features of its intracellular signaling, including activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways and regulation of transcription factors. It has been shown that, in addition to the central nervous system, mGluR1 is expressed in immune cells, the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes, suggesting its involvement in regulating inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis — key processes in atherogenesis. Special attention is given to data on glutamate accumulation in unstable atherosclerotic plaques and its association with local inflammation. We also note the lack of clinical studies evaluating mGluR1 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease. Further investigation of mGluR1 as a potential biomarker and molecular target in cardiovascular pathology represents a promising direction.

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