THE EYE — MIRROR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. EVOLUTION OF PERCEPTION ABOUT HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY
https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2010-6-6-853-858
Abstract
Published data often contain conflicting views on the relationship of retina changes in arterial hypertension (HT) with cardiovascular disorders and target organs lesions. Along with the classification and pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy, evidence for its association with the HT course, target organ lesions and prognosis is presented. Functional disorders of the eyes point at the involvement of retina into the pathological process even in HT early stages and are able to reflect the severity of hypertension. This supports a close relationship of HT with eye disease as a target organ. Available data support also possibility to assess changes on the eye fundus in patients with uncomplicated HT, indicating that it was premature decision to exclude eyes from the list of target organs in HT.
About the Authors
V. S. Zadionchenko
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Russian Federation
Delegatskaya ul. 20/1, Moscow, 127473
Russian Federation
Delegatskaya ul. 20/1, Moscow, 127473
T. V. Adasheva
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Russian Federation
Delegatskaya ul. 20/1, Moscow, 127473
Russian Federation
Delegatskaya ul. 20/1, Moscow, 127473
A. M. Shamshinova
Russian Federation
M. A. Arakelyan
The Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Russian Federation
Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya 14/19, Moscow, 105062
Russian Federation
Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya 14/19, Moscow, 105062
References
1. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Guidelines Committee 2007. European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology. J Hypertens 2007;25:1105-1187.
2. National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika 2008; 7(6) Prilozhenie 2: 1-32. Russian (Национальные рекомендации по диагностике и лечению артериальной гипертонии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2008; 7(6)Приложение 2: 1-32).
3. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Guidelines Committee 2003. European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology. J Hypertens 2003;21:1011-1053.
4. Cuspidi C., Macca G., Salerno M. et al. Evaluation of target organ damage in arterial hypertension: which role for qualitative funduscopic examination? Ital Heart J 2001; 2: 702–706.
5. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Sharrett A.R. et al., ARIC Investigators. Atheroslerosis Risk in Communities Study. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Lancet 2001; 358:1134–1140.
6. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Sharrett A.R. et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA 2002; 287: 1153–1159.
7. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R. et al., for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–2571.
8. Keith N.M., Wagener H.P., Barker N.W. Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. Am J Med Sci 1939;197:332-343.
9. Hayreh S.S., Servais G.E. Retinal hemorrhages in malignant arterial hypertension. Int Ophthalmol 1988;12(2)137-145
10. Pache M., Kube T., Wolf S., Kutschbach P. Do angiographic data support a detailed classification of hypertensive fundus changes? J Hum Hypertens 2002;16:405-410.
11. Jampol L.M. Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1982;89:1132-1145.
12. Dimmitt S.B.,WestJ.N., Eames S.M. et al. Usefulness of ophthalmoscopy in mild to moderate hypertension. Lancet 1989;1:1103-1106.
13. Wong T.Y.,Klein R., SharrettA.R. et al. The prevalence and risk factors ofretinal microvascular abnormalities in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ophthalmology 2003;110:658-666.
14. Couper D.J., Klein R., Hubbard L.D. et al. Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics; the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study.Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 133:78-88.
15. Wang J.J., Mitchell P., Leung H. et al. Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 2003;42:534-541.
16. Klein R., Klein B.E., Moss S.E., Wang Q. Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:92-98.
17. Klein R., Sharrett A.R., Klein B.E. et al. Are retinal arteriolar abnormalities related to atherosclerosis?: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20: 1644-50.
18. Sharp P.S., Chaturvedi N., Wormald R. et al. Hypertensive retinopathy in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans: prevalence and risk factor relationships. Hypertension 1995;25:1322-1325.
19. Stolk R.P., Vingerling J.R., de Jong P.T. et al. Retinopathy, glucose, and insulin in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Diabetes 1995;44:11-15.
20. Yu T., Mitchell P., Berry G. et al. Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:83-89.
21. Wong T.Y., Hubbard L.D., Klein R. et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and blood pressure in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1007-1013.
22. Sharrett A.R., Hubbard L.D., Cooper L.S. et al. Retinal arteriolar diameters and elevated blood pressure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:263-270.
23. Born B.J. , Hulsman A. A., Hoekstra. B. L. et al. Value of routine funduscopy in patients with hypertension: systematic review. BMJ 2005; 331(73):1136-1142.
24. Goto I., Katsuki S., Ikui H. et al. Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases. Stroke 1975;6:263-269.
25. Schneider R., Rademacher M., Wolf S. Lacunar infarcts and white matter attenuation: ophthalmologic and microcirculatory aspects of the pathophysiology. Stroke 1993;24:1874-1879.
26. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Sharrett A.R. et al. Cerebral white matter lesion, retinopathy and incident clinical stroke. JAMA 2002;288:67-74.
27. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Sharrett A.R. et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive impairment in middle-aged persons: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke 2002;33:1487-1492.
28. Wong T.Y., Mosley T.H Jr., Klein R. et al. Retinal microvascular changes and MRI signs of cerebral atrophy in healthy, middle-aged people. Neurology 2003;61:806-811.
29. Nakayama T., Date C., Yokoyama T. et al. A 15.5-year follow-up study of stroke in a Japanese provincial city: the Shibata Study. Stroke 1997;28:45-52.
30. Gillum R.F. Retinal arteriolar findings and coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1991;122:262-263.
31. Duncan B.B., Wong T.Y., Tyroler H.A. et al. Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1002-1006.
32. De Leonardis V., Becucci A., De Scalzi M., Cinelli P. Low incidence of cardiac hypertrophy in essential hypertensives with no retinal changes. Int J Cardiol 1992;35: 95-9.
33. Saitoh M., Matsuo K., Nomoto S. et al. Relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and renal and retinal damage in untreated patients with essential hypertension. Intern Med 1998;37: 576-80.
34. Biesenbach G., Zazgornik J. High prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and coronary heart disease in hypertensive patients with persistent microalbuminuria under short intensive antihypertensive therapy. Clin Nephrol 1994;41: 211-8.
35. Pontremoli R., Sofia A., Ravera M. et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: the MAGIC Study. Microalbuminuria: a Genoa investigation on complications. Hypertension 1997;30: 1135-43.
36. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Duncan B.B. et al. Racial differences in the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy. Hypertension 2003;41: 1086-91.
37. IkramM.K., deJong F.J.,Vingerling J.R. etal. Are retinalarteriolaror venulardiameters associated with markers for cardiovascular disorders? The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45: 2129-34.
38. Wang J.J., Lew G., Klein R. et al. Retinal vessel diameter and cardiovascular mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations. European Heart J.2007;28(16): 984-992.
39. Wang L., Wong T.Y., Sharret A.R. et al. Relatioship between retinal arteriolar narrowing and myocardial perfusion: multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2008;51:119-126.
40. Bock K.D. Regression of retinal vascular changes by antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension 1984;6:111-158.
41. Hamada Y., Niisato E., Otori T. et al. Ocular fundus changes in malignant or precocious stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats after administration of antihypertensive drugs. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl 1995;22:132-133.
42. Morishita R., Higaki J., Nakamura F. et al. Regression of hypertension-induced vascular hypertrophy by an ACE inhibitor and calcium antagonist in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Blood Press Suppl 1992;3:41-47.
43. Dahlof B., Stenkula S., Hansson L. Hypertensive retinal vascular changes: relationship to left ventricular hypertrophy and arteriolar changes before and after treatment. Blood Press 1992;1:35-44.
44. Dahlof B., Pennert K., Hansson L. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients – A metanalysis of 109 treatment studies. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 95–110.
45. Schmieder R.E. Hypertensive petinopathy: a window to vascular remodelling in arterial hypertension. Hypertention. 2008. 51(1): 43-44/
46. ShamshinovaA.M.,ArakelianM.A., Rogova S.Iu. et al. Classification ofthe forms of hypertensive retinopathy on the basis of estimation of the bioelectrical retinal potential and contrast sensitivity. Vestn Oftalmol 2007;123(1):24-8. Russian (Шамшинова А.М., Аракелян М.А., Рогова С.Ю. и др. Классификация форм гипертонической ретинопатии на основе биоэлектрического потенциала сетчатки и контрастной чувствительности. Вестник офтальмологии 2007;1:24-29).
47. Zadionchenko V.S., Shamshinova A.M., Adasheva T.V., Arakelyan M.A. Is the eye target organ for hypertension? Sistemnye gipertenzii 2008; 4: 52-59. Russian (Задионченко В.С., Шамшинова А.М., Адашева Т.В., Аракелян М.А. Является ли глаз органом-мишенью при артериальной гиперто- нии? Системные гипертензии 2008; 4: 52-59).
48. Adasheva T.V., Zadionchenko V.S., Shamshinova A.M., Arakelyan M.A. Functional status of the retina — a criterion for the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy. Sistemnye gipertenzii 2009;1:45-
49. Russian (Адашева Т.В., Задионченко В.С., Шамшинова А.М., Аракелян М.А. Функциональное состояние сетчатки — критерий эффективности антигипертензивной терапии. Системные гипертензии 2009;1:45-49).
Review
For citations:
Zadionchenko V.S., Adasheva T.V., Shamshinova A.M., Arakelyan M.A. THE EYE — MIRROR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. EVOLUTION OF PERCEPTION ABOUT HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2010;6(6):853-858. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2010-6-6-853-858
Views:
811
Email this article 